The role of unit management in natural urban crises (case study of Isfahan city)

Dissertation

To receive a doctorate degree in the field of geography and urban planning

Abstract:

The issue of the safety of cities against natural hazards is one of the main goals of urban planning, and one of the issues that most major cities in the world are dealing with is the issue of natural disasters. Due to the unpredictability of natural disasters and the need to make quick and correct decisions and implement operations, theoretical and fundamental foundations have created a knowledge under the title of crisis management. In order to understand the city crisis management and the vulnerability of urban areas against natural disasters, it is necessary to investigate the main factors affecting the vulnerability of urban crisis management. The purpose of this research is to identify the vulnerability of the houses in Isfahan city, to apply the necessary management principles to reduce the vulnerability of cities and to achieve the priorities of effective factors in urban crisis management in the organizations related to the crisis in Isfahan city and (the case of hospitals in Isfahan city), in terms of the investigated indicators. The research method is "descriptive and analytical", which uses quantitative models. The results of the study of the vulnerability of the houses in Isfahan show that: 1- The vulnerability of the houses in the city to the risk of natural disasters is high. 2- In terms of the access index of the city's residences to the rescue centers, especially the fire department, the emergency center and the police center, the city of Isfahan has a very unfavorable situation in times of crisis, such as the occurrence of natural disasters. 3- Providing information on the risk factor of citizens' residences and increasing education and awareness in times of crisis is one of the important ways to reduce vulnerability. In order to prioritize the effective factors in the crisis management of Isfahan city, 34 variables in 6 main factors in 20 organizations related to the crisis of natural disasters in the city were investigated using factor analysis. The result of the investigation shows that the first factor is the existence of a storage system for the management of rescue support, which includes 7 variables. Also, the correlation of coordination between the organizations involved in the crisis based on the Kruskal-Wallis test (H test) also shows that the sig (significance level) in all variables is less than 0.05 and since this figure is smaller than the desired alpha (0.05), therefore the hypothesis H is rejected and the lack of coordination between the organizations involved in the crisis and the absence of urban unit management (research hypothesis) is confirmed. For the hierarchical analysis in the crisis management of the sample (Isfahan city hospitals), 41 variables in 9 main factors in 25 hospitals of the city were investigated using A.H.P hierarchical analysis [1]. The results obtained from the hierarchical analysis of various indicators show that the factors of type of skeleton, age of the building and number of beds are in the first ranks with the importance of 22.65, 21.12 and 11.959, respectively. Also, the hospitals of regions 3 and 1 have the highest level of vulnerability among the hospitals of the city, respectively.

Key words: natural disasters, vulnerability, vulnerability indicators, prioritization, hierarchical analysis of natural disasters, management of the urban crisis unit, organizations related to the Isfahan crisis.

Foreword

Man today sees the future horizon further than yesterday, and maybe because of this, his challenge has increased. Despite having a broad vision and the progress of science, he is incapable of predicting the time of crisis, and today's cultured person uses the knowledge of crisis management, and what can lead him to continuous improvement is attention to process management. In the new paradigm, the approach to improving processes and systems is a scientific approach that is considered as the philosophy and principles of total quality management (Cavney & Others, 1995:3). At least three basic reasons can be stated for the necessity of studying crises in the scene of crisis unit management:

Firstly, a common institution in crisis, or unit management, by collecting information about crises that have occurred in addition to describing each event, provides the possibility to analyze them in parallel with the description of the event, and by raising the scientific value of a crisis analysis, it is effective in gaining experiences related to that crisis.

The second reason is that, most of the authors They tend to think that each of the critical cases is unique in its own way. If we accept this claim, then it will not be surprising that we gather little awareness and information about crises. And the last reason is that the general concept obtained from crisis seems to provide the ground for ambiguity.Because most analysts and writers have failed to define and justify the word crisis[1] to some extent and the readers of their articles or commentaries only think about aspects of the crisis that include an acute[2] and emergency[3] problem. While the crisis has characteristics that determine its characteristics. Therefore, in order to achieve certain patterns of crises and the qualitative relationship between them, we must determine the limits and gaps of this term and analyze the categorized information provided by comparing them; In such a way that the results obtained from them help us in obtaining answers to questions such as the following, regarding urban crises:

- Is examining the state of vulnerability and resistance of urban constructions effective in reducing the effects of natural crises?

- Does raising public awareness regarding the effects of natural disasters play a role in how they participate in reducing the impact of disasters?

- When crises lead to fundamental transformation in the urban system What is the role of city officials in reducing the effects of natural disasters? What is the role of urban planning in reducing the effects of natural disasters? (Nataghi Elahi, 1377: 48)

Since crises target one or more fundamental factors and elements, they are necessarily able to bring about major changes in the urban system, the intensity and weakness of these changes depends on the aggravating factors or hidden elements of the crisis and the existing techniques for crisis management and containment (Tschacher & others, 2000: 215).

Therefore, achieving this goal requires the existence of urban unit management; By recognizing the experiences and proposed principles that can be tested using different techniques to obtain evidence and evidence to defend or reject a general theory that can be measured by analogy or establishment of special events. In 1989, the United Nations chose a decade as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, which lasted from 1990 to 2000, and its goal is to increase the preparedness factor of countries against the occurrence of natural disasters and reduce damages. Money and lives that arise in these incidents. In other words, the culture of foreknowledge and protection replaced the culture of reaction (Nourian, 2003: 20).

Now, with this view and the economic capacity that countries have, despite the advanced technologies, they can explain their share of global prosperity and wealth in the field of competition (Conner, 2000:18). The question is how backward countries can ensure the survival of systems in the process of accelerating time and technology. It is obvious that in the category of natural disasters, third world countries cannot overcome the existing problems in this field except by thinking about the category of crisis unit management. The biggest mission of this research is to make the development planners aware of the implementation of strategic policies in this field. Chapter 1: Research process, generalities and concepts. Considering the unpredictability of natural disasters and the need to make quick and correct decisions and implement operations, theoretical and fundamental foundations have created a knowledge under the title of crisis management. This knowledge refers to a set of activities that are carried out before, after and during a crisis in order to reduce the effects of these incidents and reduce vulnerability. This topic has a special relationship with urban planning, urban management and geography. Therefore, the management of an urban unit is a combination of management issues and urban planning, the purpose of which is to create coordination between the planning and control of urban plans and programs, in such a way that the formulation and implementation of these programs is done in a favorable manner. Urban planning knowledge relying on geographic data[4] can implement the necessary management principles to reduce the vulnerability of cities against these incidents by explaining its principles and concepts and using these data. took off With this advance, in the first part of this chapter, we will explain more about the subject of the thesis by stating the research plan, problem, objectives, hypotheses and value of the research. In the second part of the chapter, the concepts used in the research will be defined.