Tourism planning with emphasis on sustainable development in Shush city

Master's Thesis in Geography and Rural Planning

Abstract

The tourism industry has attracted the attention of mankind for a long time and today it is one of the main pillars of the world's commercial economy. Through the simultaneous combination of internal and external resources, this industry brings many social, economic, environmental and cultural benefits to geographical areas. Today, the institutions in charge of the tourism industry all over the world acknowledge the need to preserve the environment more than ever before regarding tourism in nature and beyond.  The city of Shush, with its tourist capabilities, can have more suitable conditions for attracting domestic and foreign tourists. Knowing and introducing the tourist attractions of Shush city and taking them to the possibilities and difficulties for the purpose of future perspective and proper planning is one of the goals of this research. The research method is a combination of documentary and library methods, descriptive, analytical, causal and field studies. The statistical population is the tourist attractions of Shush city and the random sampling method was used to collect the required information from the questionnaire. Also, in this research, using the factor analysis technique, we have determined the important factors in the tourism development of Shush city: SPSS, EXCEL and ARCGIS software have been used in the data analysis. Awareness is one of the historical, natural and environmental capabilities of this city. In this way, it provided grounds for attracting more domestic and foreign tourists. Despite having tourism capacities, this city is facing problems due to lack of infrastructural and welfare facilities and services, weak advertising, however, the existence of job creation fields, foreign exchange income and infrastructural investment are the most important opportunities and the existence of historical monuments, and having natural attractions as strengths and attractions, along with the possibility of developing and reforming management institutions, strengthening advertising, interaction and like-mindedness between officials, organizations related to tourism and people, and the development of tourism from The most important approaches are considered for the development of tourism in this city.

Key words: tourism, ecotourism, attractions, Shush city

Chapter 1

Overview of the research

1-1- Explanation of the research problem and its importance

Basically, tourism It is rooted in the history of human life, and traveling from one point to another has existed since the distant past, although in the past, fewer people used their free time, and they did not travel anyway.

Humans in different periods of their lives have endured the burden of travel and difficulties for the attraction of natural sights, the discovery of economic opportunities, the benefit of more suitable living opportunities, and the awareness of ethnic and cultural diversity. And for this reason, tourism has a long history. (Zahedi, 3: 1385)

In other words, travel is in the nature of man, man is created in such a way that he must go on a journey. Traveling is a vital need. At the beginning, according to his self-reliant nature, a man had no knowledge of the possible consequences of the journey, but during the journey, he was given new achievements that gave him a new space travel. (Dibai, 3:1371)

However, despite the fact that travel and tourism is an ancient phenomenon, the industrial revolution and new discoveries and the increase in public welfare and leisure time of people have caused fundamental changes in its role, dimensions and importance. The largest service industry in the world is very important, that's why countries

are trying to have a greater share of the benefits of this industry with proper investment. 

Tourism can be the most profitable and most rewarding industry in the case of proper guidance and proper planning, and it can make a significant contribution to creating job opportunities, distributing wealth globally, reducing poverty and improving people's living standards, and positive cultural interactions.

Today, tourism has a special importance and attraction due to the scope of demand and growing spatial needs. (Flescher. 2000)

Basic condition In tourism, planning is appropriate and the participation of different parts of the society, the coordination of these parts in the implementation of the programs is also of particular importance..

The experience of many tourist areas in the world has proven that in the long term, the planned method for tourism development can have benefits without causing major problems and lead to maintaining market satisfaction. Sustainable development implies that while realizing benefits for today's society, it preserves various sources of tourism for future use.

The city of Shush can play a more effective role at the level of the province and the country with its cultural, historical, natural and other tourist attractions. Chagha Zanbil, Baqea Daniyal Nabi (pbuh), Daabal Khazai Tomb, Holy Defense Monuments and Sush and Haft Tepe Museums, which have many historical monuments in their place, can play an important role in attracting domestic and foreign tourists, therefore, considering the high potential of Sush city in the field of tourism, it is felt necessary to formulate and design a suitable plan. examine and at the end provide suitable solutions for tourism development with emphasis on sustainable development.       

1-2- Necessity and importance of research

Today, tourism is considered the largest and most diverse industry in the world, and 200 million people are employed, and its annual turnover reaches about 4.5 trillion dollars. In other words, this activity accounts for 8% of the total global employment. In more than 150 countries, tourism is one of the five most important sources of foreign exchange earnings, and in 60 countries, it occupies the first rank. The total number of incoming tourists in the world has increased from 25 million in 1950 to 760 million in 2004. It is expected that this number will reach 1.56 billion in 2020. The annual growth rate of tourism in the 1990s was 7% and in 2004 it was more than 10%. In 83 percent of developing countries, it is one of the main sources of income and in one third of poor countries, it is the main source of income. In recent years, tourism has become a rich source of income in global experiences and an important element in improving and adjusting the balance of trade and balance of payments of many countries (Kazemi, 2016: 4). The development of tourism, especially in less developed countries, is an effective factor in combating poverty and increases the income of different groups, reduces unemployment and economic prosperity, and as a result improves the quality of life of people and increases social welfare. Surveys show that the currencies obtained from tourism activities have been effective in adjusting the balance of payments of many countries, especially less developed countries that are usually dependent on one product (ibid.: 6-7). The importance and greatness of tourism is not limited to creating job opportunities and income. In the case of planning and planned development, it is capable of direct and indirect economic, social, cultural, and environmental benefits. and create a policy and dedicate a significant contribution to national and regional development, in other words, to improve the indicators of justice, social justice, improve the standard of living, public welfare, balance and regional balance. However, due to the lack of sufficient investments and the lack of facilities, services and tourism infrastructure, they have not been able to be very effective. 1-3- Background of the research In any scientific research, it is necessary and necessary to study and review the researches and researches that have been done in the beginning on the subject, because the analysis without obtaining the research results of others and their full development, it is not possible to reach a suitable answer and a better analysis. 

Not much research has been done about tourism and ecotourism in the researched area due to the existence of tourist attractions, historical, cultural, religious and natural.

- Habibullah Jafaripanah (1380) in his thesis titled Studying and planning tourist attractions of Abarkoh city has identified tourist attractions in order to activate them in order to attract tourists. In this survey, he has predicted the accommodation capacity of the city for tourists for 24 hours.