Investigating the role of municipal services on the demographic imbalance of Shiraz city

Dissertation for obtaining the master degree "M.A."

Trend: Urban planning

Abstract

One of the criteria of sustainable urban development is to pay attention to the balanced distribution of population and the amount and manner of distribution of urban services, which can play an effective role in the movement of population space and demographic changes in urban areas. Therefore, the distribution of urban services should be in a way that establishes spatial justice. In this research, the areas of Shiraz city in relation to 20 types of urban services in a period of 15 years have been examined. The goals of this research include investigating the trend of population distribution in the areas of Shiraz city and identifying the effects of service distribution on disturbing the population balance of the regions. The article is based on the assumptions that the population distribution in the city areas did not have a balanced trend and this has a direct relationship with the distribution of urban services. Entropy coefficient was used to test the first hypothesis and Williamson transformation model and correlation coefficient were used for the second hypothesis.

The results of the research show that the population in the areas of Shiraz city is not evenly distributed, while the distribution of services in the areas of Shiraz city is unbalanced based on the Williamson model and this has had an impact on intra-city migrations.

Key words: Population balance, urban services, spatial justice, urban area, Shiraz city

Chapter 1

Generalities

1-1- Introduction

Today, from the point of view of social justice, development is no longer considered to mean growth, but it means the existence of facilities and fair distribution. Planners and experts raise the necessity of balanced development for various reasons. 1- Ensuring social justice in order to ensure the fair and proper enjoyment of facilities in different regions 2- Political interventions as a factor in reducing political unrest 3- Economic and social interventions that prevent migration and concentration (Smith, 1384: 11). Therefore, the most central slogan of the governments The present is social justice. What is important is that human security is closely related to social justice issues. If justice is not established in a society, it is unlikely that peace, adequate protection of the environment, eradication of poverty, support for work, growth, freedom, identity and knowledge will be realized in that society. On the other hand, if people do not feel safe, it is difficult to ignore the unfair social advantages and privileges they have (Art Schult, 2012: 291).

According to the great thinker in the field of anarchism and justice-seeking geographer Pietro Kropertkin, "without equality, justice and without justice, there will be no peace" (Shakoui, 2012: 88). And in a way, the city is a complex complex. It is one of human relationships with the environment (Rahmani, 1382: 69) and without a doubt, population growth transforms the urban system and this itself causes changes in the body of the city. Disturbances, disturbances within the city, uncontrolled expansion of cities, environmental imbalance, uncoordinated combination of urban services and so on. It is all a sign of instability and disorder in the city, which in the long term leads it towards "underdevelopment" and endangers its health and gradually causes its isolation, destruction and destruction (Azani, 2015, pp. 11-12). Therefore, one of the most important factors in urban planning is the use of spaces and proper distribution, and in more complete terms, "spatial justice", and in this regard, urban uses and services are among the effective factors. And they are useful because by responding to population needs, increasing public benefit and paying attention to the merits and merits of individuals, they can establish the dimensions of spatial justice, social justice, and economic justice by establishing a more just system. Therefore, the disruption of the population balance, the roots of which are internal and external migrations, excessive density of uses in certain areas, can turn urban spaces into spaces contradictory to justice, from the economic and social dimensions. In urban planning, what can contribute to the research of urban justice is paying attention to spatial justice and planning that distributes the population concentration and services equitably in different areas, and since the amount and manner of distribution of urban services can play an effective role in the spatial displacement of the population and demographic changes in urban areas, one of the criteria for sustainable urban development is to pay attention to the balanced distribution of the population.Therefore, the distribution of urban services should be in such a way as to establish spatial justice. Shiraz, the largest city in the southern region of Iran and the capital of Fars province, has a very strong centrality. It covers several provinces. Despite having some industries, this city is still a service city. Like Mashhad and Tabriz, this city still has a desire for large size, concentration of population and capital accumulation, and the urban complex around it has the weakest structure among the five big cities of the country (Hait, 1386: 87). It has become a factor for migration to this city and has caused the balance between urban services and the population to be disrupted; Therefore, the city of Shiraz as the area of ??study, due to being among the historical and cultural cities and having national values ??and international characteristics, as well as strong development in recent decades and having urban planning issues as one of the big cities of Iran, has been of interest. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate, identify the trend of population balance and equilibrium in the urban areas of Shiraz and to know the effects of service distribution, in the collision of population balances in different regions. 1-3- The necessity of doing Research

Today, one of the criteria of sustainable urban development is paying attention to the balanced distribution of the population and the amount and manner of distribution of urban services, which can play an effective role in the displacement of the population space and demographic changes in urban areas.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, curbing growth and choosing a threshold and a logical criterion for the geographical boundaries and organs of cities have been discussed (Farid, 1375: 427).

Hence order, cohesion. And the balance between the set of elements that make up the urban society, or in other words, creating balance and harmony in the general structures and systems of the city, is one of the clear examples of sustainable development, including the main mechanisms for the progress and prosperity of human habitats.

Therefore, the rapid and unrestrained growth during the past few decades, which has increased the size of the city of Shiraz to 18,623 hectares, has taken away the opportunity to create urban spaces from the people and the managers of the city (Barzegar, 2012: 166).

In the past, the city of Shiraz had a well-balanced and coherent structure with a distinct physical-social identity. With the expansion of urbanization and the lack of attention to the main structure of the city, the physical structure of the city underwent changes that today is a problem in front of the expansion and development of the city (Abdullah Zadeh Fard, 2004: 309) and since urban services and facilities have been created for the population living in urban areas (Nestern, 2010: 160), evaluating and knowing the lack of population and urban services in order to provide the plan and development of the city of Shiraz with a strategic-structural approach is a necessity of research.

1-4-Research objectives

- Investigating the trend of population distribution in urban areas of Shiraz

- Investigating the distribution of urban services in Shiraz city areas

- Investigating the relationship between population growth in Shiraz city areas and proportional distribution of services

1-5- Research hypotheses

The hypotheses that In this research, they are considered as follows:

1- The population distribution in Shiraz regions has not had a balanced trend.

2- There is a correlation between population growth in Shiraz city regions and the proportional distribution of urban services.

1-6- Research method and its steps

The type of applied research and the comparative research method is spatial analysis.

In this research, we try to It has happened that the city has been analyzed in different periods, so it is necessary to comprehensively examine all the sources. Therefore, as all research studies should follow a method and steps to reach the final result. Therefore, this research has been carried out in the following way.

1- Selection of the research title.

2- Developing a research plan after choosing the topic

3- Library studies and data collection in the form of field research and objective visits.

4- Preparation of tables, charts and maps based on the collected data.

5- Data analysis according to the documents and documents collected. .

6- Final editing, typing and reproduction.

7- Presenting the research.

1-7- Method and tool of data collection

The data required for this research is mainly collected from the following sources:

- Library resources of scientific centers such as universities, organizations, institutes and research centers.

- Authentic information networks and databases.

- Statistics, censuses and official information of relevant departments and organizations.