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  3. Evaluation of tourism development using Delphi and AHP model to provide an efficient strategy in North of Iran (case study of Ramsar city)

Evaluation of tourism development using Delphi and AHP model to provide an efficient strategy in North of Iran (case study of Ramsar city)

Number of pages: 177 File Format: word File Code: 30393
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Not Specified Category: Geography - Urban Planning
Tags/Keywords: AHP - Cultural attractions - Delphi model - ecotourism - Rural tourism - tourism - tourism - Tourism development - Tourism development - Tourist attractions
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  • Summary of Evaluation of tourism development using Delphi and AHP model to provide an efficient strategy in North of Iran (case study of Ramsar city)

    Chapter 1

    Overview of the research

    Part 1: Overview of the research

    1-1-1 Introduction:

    Today the phenomenon of tourism has gone beyond a simple phenomenon of sight and visit and has gained special dimensions and importance to the point where it is called as a big, productive and mother industry. So that in many economically advanced countries and some developing countries that have many historical, cultural, and natural attractions and good facilities for tourists, a large share of the national income is provided by tourism development. It is not without reason that most of the countries, especially those with more history and cultural and natural attractions, are trying to attract a higher share of the growing wave of guests, especially tourists from neighboring foreign countries that have more foreign currency, through the creation, construction, establishment and development of necessary tourism facilities. It eliminates the aggressiveness and false emotions of the urban environment, the characteristic features of human, cultural, and natural environments. introduces to the world community (Qarkhlo, 2016, p. 3).

    In recent years, tourism has been considered as a new solution to get rid of the conditions of poverty, unemployment, environmental disturbances and underdevelopment of countries, especially developing countries. It seems that the countries that have suitable potential capabilities in this field can include tourism development in their national development plans and take an evolutionary path.

    On the other hand, the rapid growth of the tourism industry in the last half century has resulted in increasing pressure on the environment, and prioritizing the economic benefits resulting from the unbridled development of the tourism industry and not paying attention to the development and coordinated growth of urban and rural tourism has undermined the principles of sustainable development in different societies and the environment with has faced increasing risks.

    Mazandaran province and Ramsar city are not exempted from this rule, and despite having many natural attractions, in practice, it faces positive and negative consequences of the growth of this industry. Evaluating the development process of this industry and the ups and downs in front of it is something that needs to be recognized and investigated in detail. According to the statistics of the World Tourism Organization in 2001, nearly 700 million people made a tourist trip in the world, and the income from the tourism industry was about 500 billion US dollars. In 2009, these figures for tourists reached 922 million people and the resulting income reached 944 billion dollars (www.unwto.com). Although Iran is considered one of the most prominent countries in the world in terms of tourist attractions, Iran's share of the world tourism market's income is very small and insignificant, which indicates the great challenges of tourism development in Iran (Heidari Chianeh, 2013).

    Northern Iran as one of the country's tourism hubs with its unique natural heritage attracts millions of tourists every year. Apart from the discussion of income generation and employment in the region, it seems that its negative ecological consequences have caused serious concerns. And this is while the important tourist centers of the world have overcome the negative environmental consequences by attracting mass tourists.

    The city of Ramsar is located in the extreme west of Mazandaran province in a plain area between the sea and the mountains with a moderate and humid climate and having unique natural attractions, it is considered to have very suitable conditions for attracting tourists (Halaj Sani, 2016). This research tries to investigate the positive and negative effects of tourism growth on the natural heritage of Ramsar city by evaluating the role of the tourism industry in northern Iran. It seems that the main problem in the north of Iran in general is the excessive concentration of tourists in natural areas seasonally.Therefore, according to the importance of the research problem, the following questions are asked:

    Has the growth of tourism in Ramsar city led to the damage of the natural heritage of the region? 

    Has the lack of proper and coordinated growth of integrated tourism (urban-rural) put a lot of pressure on the environment of Ramsar city? The negative is that it is late when it has been noticed by domestic and foreign researchers. Therefore, it is necessary to refer to some of these researches in the following.

    In 2009, Liu Axoling and colleagues conducted a study on the effects of tourism growth on ecological and cultural security by using hierarchical models in Kanas, China. Their research has shown that the excessive growth of tourism can damage natural heritage. This research summarizes by providing suggestions (LIU Xuling et al, 2009). Another research on the role of dynamic factors in tourism development shows how the monitoring and control of tourism enhancing factors leads to the stabilization of growth along with the stability of the natural environment of the region. This research summarizes the stages of the study by applying the hierarchical analysis process model (ZHUNG Yun, PENC Hua, 2002.) Ivana Lugar, in a study on sustainable tourism management in the coastal city of Krikvanika, Croatia, which she conducted in 2010, pays attention to the evaluation of the negative effects of the tourism industry on the environment, society, culture and even on the economy, and tries to improve and make tourism more sustainable with political tools and decisions. in this city (Ivana Logar, 2010).

    In a research titled sustainable development of tourism in Lijiang, China, which is one of the famous tourist spots of this country, it is stated that in recent years, the tourism industry has expanded rapidly and has created good effects on the quality of life of local residents, but its expansion has been caused by the environmental degradation of the region. The author points out that tourism in this city is not sustainable and suggests that changes should be made in the policy of expanding tourism today. It should be created in the long term. At the end, he puts forward some suggestions for the development of tourism in Lijiang (Zhang Hong, 2000). In his book Introduction to Nature Tourism, Fennell has discussed the direct and indirect effects of the expansion of the tourism industry on the environmental ecology, the evaluation of the effects of tourism ecology, the concept of the carrying capacity of the environment, and finally, he has mentioned the management techniques and educational and information programs for the sustainable and healthy development of this industry (Fenell, 1385).

    In a part of his book, Peter Mason discusses the effects of tourism on the environment and by conducting case studies, he tries to understand the endangerment of this important natural heritage through the expansion of the tourism industry, so he considers planned and managed tourism to be a vital issue in relation to environmental effects (Peter Mason, 2007).

    Teresa Green et al. Balearics in the Mediterranean Sea. The results of their research show that tourism demand strongly depends on the evolution of economic activities in each country of origin and on the cost of living of tourists in the destination. They also study the negative effects of tourism on the natural environment and consider the sustainable development of tourism. Finally, this study suggests that the diversity of progress and provision of high-level service quality has a great impact on the measurement of tourism policy (Teresa Gar?´n et al, 2007).

    Busaba Sitikarn in 2002, in an article titled Tourism Aspects and Key Attention to Sustainable Development, paid attention to the direct and indirect effects of the tourism industry on natural resources, construction and the cultural environment in each tourist area and its adjacent areas, and paid attention to the various dimensions of the effects of tourism on economic, social, cultural and pays attention to the environment and finally suggests solutions to achieve sustainable development of tourism (Bussaba sitikarn, 2002).

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Evaluation of tourism development using Delphi and AHP model to provide an efficient strategy in North of Iran (case study of Ramsar city)
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