Analysis of social sustainability in residential complexes in the 22nd district of Tehran

Dissertation for the degree of M. SC

Geography and Urban Planning-Urban Environment field/trend

Abstract

In the second half of the 20th century, especially in its last three decades, cities have expanded at a high speed and countries have started urbanization and increasing their cities and urban population at a faster rate. The mere approach of urban planning to the physical-functional dimensions of the city without regard to the social and economic values ??and goals resulting from it, the existential philosophy of cities, as a place for life, has faced serious doubts, in such a way that most of the criticisms against this type of planning were focused on social and qualitative goals and values, in other words, "livability of the city". Since more than half a century has passed since the beginning of apartment building in the country. Many and different reasons have been stated for this issue; Including the increase in population, lack of land for building single-unit houses, more security in residential complexes, financial ability of citizens and many other reasons that affect the increase in apartment building and the development of apartment living. Considering the existence of residential complexes and high-rise constructions in the 22nd district of Tehran, the aim of this research was to propose a suitable framework for planning residential complexes to improve social relations and quality of residence and to achieve indicators of sustainable social development through comprehensive studies and research in the direction of social sustainability. The study method in this thesis is descriptive-analytical, and with a systemic approach, social sustainability in residential complexes in the 22nd district of Tehran was investigated and evaluated. 60 residents of residential complexes and 20 officials and housing cooperatives were questioned. The statistical analysis of the questionnaires was done using SPSS software and based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to fit the normal distribution to the data, and then the T-test with a test value of 3 and a test value of 1.5 and the Friedman test were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the research, access to land, housing cooperatives, etc., has led government, military, etc. organizations and bodies to this area, and in the questionnaire related to residents, the research results showed that living in residential complexes, in addition to increasing security and reducing the general costs of living, has reduced the sense of belonging to a place, isolation, and alienation.

Key words: sustainable development, social sustainability, residential complex, District 22 of Tehran

Chapter First

Overview of the research

Overview of the research

1-1 Introduction

Housing is one of the basic human needs that determines the social position, quality of life and well-being and his place in the society. Houses are a place that should be well designed and well built and should be optimally placed in relation to environmental, social, economic and cultural factors. In fact, it can be said that housing affects the daily life of a person, his health, security and well-being. In fact, as a physical element, it can be a link between society and the environment (Golubchikov & Badyina, 2012:9). More than half a century has passed since the beginning of apartment building in the country. Many and different reasons have been stated for this issue; Including the increase in population, lack of land for building single-unit houses, more security in residential complexes, financial ability of citizens and many other reasons that affect the increase in apartment building and the development of apartment living. Although all the stated reasons are directly and indirectly related to this issue. However, complexes are considered as the most complex and fundamental function in the field of architecture of the last two centuries and can have a great impact on the behavior of residents and their relationships. These complexes are a combination of many open and closed spaces that are connected and intertwined. As an integral part of residential complexes, open space is important both in terms of social relations and in terms of urban structure and landscape. In fact, residential open spaces are a kind of crystallization of the nature of collective life and create situations for the growth of creativity, social interaction, confrontation and social interaction of residents (Yazdani and Timuri, 2011: 86). The ability of a society to follow the dimensions of sustainability depends to a large extent on the ability of the society, i.e. people, institutions, and the geographical and ecological conditions of that society. Ability creation includes human, scientific, technological, organizational, institutional and community resources.. One of the main goals in building capacity, increasing the power of assessment and understanding issues related to policy selection and ways of implementing different development methods is that it depends on the understanding of the people of the target society about the limits, strengths and environmental requirements. Undoubtedly, the goal of sustainability is human survival, which, in addition to ecological and economic dimensions, also has a social dimension. In the social dimension of sustainability, the goal is to create a development process, the continuation of which depends on the ever-increasing expansion of solidarity and social integration. In fact, the most important goals in this dimension are the creation of human civilization with a fair distribution of income in order to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. In this dimension, it should play the role of solidarity, coordination in action and participation between departments and people. For this type of development to become a global and regional reality, international cooperation and understanding is necessary (Sasanpour, 1390: 140). Social sustainability plays an important role in development performance, and the level of focus in sustainable development to achieve social sustainability depends on the factors influencing development and development planning for the present and future. From the perspective of social orientation, it is suitable for optimizing the continuous capacity of development as a long-term location for human relations and cultural development. This research seeks to examine the indicators of social sustainability in residential complexes to determine its sustainability in terms of sense of belonging, participation, equality, social solidarity, accessibility, etc. examine and put its results in the direction of being implemented in plans and projects about the residential complex.

Problem outline

In the second half of the 20th century, especially in its last three decades, cities have expanded at a high speed and countries have started urbanization and increasing their cities and urban population at a faster rate. The mere approach of urban planning to the physical-functional dimensions of the city without considering the social and economic values ??and goals that follow from it, the existential philosophy of cities as a place for life faced serious doubts, in such a way that most of the criticisms against this type of planning were focused on the social and qualitative goals and values, in other words, the "livability of the city" (Mehdizadeh, 2011: 291-292). This is apart from the continuation of the evolutionary process and the social transformation of the last hundred years of Iran, the result of the acceleration of capitalism in the framework of a single-product economy based on oil exports and the decrease in the importance of the agricultural sector, and as a result, the process of migration from the countryside to the cities. The occurrence of a traumatic housing crisis and the need to live in apartments in the whole world is basically a reflection of the transition from societies based on agriculture, tribal and tribal systems of patriarchal and extended families to another type of societies based on industry and services with an urban settlement system and the emergence of a new culture of individualism with nuclear families. The growth and expansion of the physical and social dimensions of cities, caused by the increase in the urban population, has had significant and at the same time inevitable effects on urban life. These effects include a wide range of social, economic, cultural and physical disorders. At the same time, each of the mentioned dimensions influence each other in a mutual relationship. Apartment living as a new phenomenon in urban societies, both in developing and developed countries, has changed people's lifestyles. The urgent and urgent need of the majority of the urban population for housing and the inconsistency of its provision with the growth of the population, especially in big cities, has caused the lack of housing to be paid attention to more than anything else, and in this regard, the psychological and social issues of the family in the provision of housing are overshadowed by the small factor affected by economic factors. Nowadays, many human, social, and cultural values ??are ignored due to the determinism of life and the one-dimensional view and the principle of economy (Zarghami, 2009: 2). The process of building apartments in the big cities of the country for various reasons such as: population increase, lack of land and expensive housing, started with a high speed and rhythm and gradually spread to other cities. Building apartment complexes in different parts of cities and housing people with special cultures, cultural diversity, and not having enough knowledge of others who are considered neighbors, creates problems for the residents.