The role of date production and marketing in establishing the relationship between the city and the village (the study of villages in the central part of Mehrestan city (1375-1390))

Dissertation for M.Sc

Field

Geography and Rural Planning

Abstract

There are relationships between urban and rural settlements as components of the spatial organization of an area, and these relationships are effective in the development or non-development of these two areas. Studies conducted by foreign and Iranian researchers show that in Iran, most of these relationships between the city and the countryside are incomplete and unhealthy, so that the result of this relationship causes the development of the city and the backwardness of the rural areas. For the development of the city and the village together, these two areas should be considered in the country's planning system and complementary relations should be formed between them so that the village will also develop with the development of the city based on the relations between these two areas and the development of these two areas will be grouped together. Probability classification sampling method was used to select sample villages and 20 villages were selected as sample villages. The research method of the current research is descriptive and analytical, and the method of collecting information is field and library, and for each of the methods, special tools such as questionnaires, maps, and statistical tables have been used. The results of this research show that between the city of Mehrestan and the surrounding rural area, due to the existence of factors such as the presence of owners living in the city and the predominance of the exchange system based on mediation, an incomplete and unhealthy relationship exists in the form of the dominance of the city of Mehrestan over the surrounding rural area.

Key words: dominance, city-rural relations, date production and marketing, villages in the central part of Mehrestan city

Chapter 1:

General Research

-1- Statement of the problem and the need for research

The importance of paying attention to the relations between the city and the countryside is so much that many believe that in order to understand and adjust the dynamics of the flow of poverty in countries, especially developing countries that are exposed to urbanization, or in a better word, accelerated urbanization, only the emphasis on the manner and scope of the mutual relations and interaction between the rural and urban areas is comprehensible and seeking solutions. In rural and urban environments, a kind of fragile connection has emerged between these two biological areas, this connection works in a systematic way, and on this basis, what happens in one of these two areas will inevitably affect the other area as well (Saeidi, 2010, 74). City-rural relations include the set of physical-spatial, socio-economic and legal-political relations of rural settlements with small and large urban centers. The discussion of city-rural relations in social science surveys, especially geographical studies, has a relatively long history, but the beginning of serious and scientific discussions about this goes back to the 1940s (Saeidi, 2017, 395). In the contemporary period of Hans Bobek [1], the Austrian geographer for the first time (1948 AD) by examining these relations in Iran, brought the issue into the attention and investigation in a new way and within the framework of new theories. In his pioneering writings in the field of the relations between cities and the peripheral (rural) area in the countries of the Islamic East, especially Iran, he put forth such domination relations in the form of the theory of exploitation capitalism and parasitic urban-rural relations (Saeedi, 1390, 79). Since every system consists of components and elements that are related and usually coordinated to achieve a certain goal (Saeidi, 2018, 3). Exploitation system can be considered as a system including sets of productive forces and the social relations that follow it. Exploitation system is a legal and at the same time socio-economic concept, based on which, the legal relations and socio-economic relations of people in relation to land, the type and limits of ownership, the right of possession, the way of using the factors of production, especially land and water, and finally the work system are determined. Spatial-spatial aspects are also manifested in connection with city-rural relations, aside from other trends, the process of exchanging surplus products is of particular importance (Saeidi and Mechan, 2017, 5). The villages of the central part of Zabeli city with 169 villages and 8353 households with a population of 34877 people and relying on their economy and production system have established relations with Zabeli city.. The villages of the central part of Zabeli city with 169 rural settlements and 8353 households with a population of 34877 people and relying on their economy and production system have established relations with the city of Zabeli, dates are the dominant product of the villages of Zabeli district, which plays a major role in providing income to the villagers of the district. The villagers are facing problems in the marketing of this product, including the lack of maintenance facilities, guilds and organizations. In the meantime, urban dealers pre-purchase this product in an unripe form and then pack and transport it to cold stores in the city and sell it at a much higher price. In the meantime, the villagers who are producers suffer the most losses because they do not have access to the market and sell the product at a cheap price. With the continuation of this process, i.e. production (dates) in the villages of Zaboli district and the withdrawal of most of the capital from the production system and transfer to the city, it will lead to the growth of the city of Zaboli and the backwardness of the surrounding villages. What are they?

3-1-Research hypotheses

The answers formulated as hypotheses to the questions of the present research are two hypotheses as follows:

1- Between the city of Zabeli and the surrounding (rural) area, a one-way relationship has prevailed in the form of the city's dominance over its surrounding area.

2- Production relations, the method of transfer and exchange of production based on mediation, the weak existence of production support services has caused the formation of this relationship.

4-1-Research Objectives

In this research, we are looking for the following objectives:

1- To know the type and scope of relations between the city of Zabeli and the surrounding (rural) area;

2- To explain the influencing factors on the formation of the type and scope of relations between the city of Zablei and the surrounding (rural) area;

3- To provide a scientific solution in the field of product marketing. Dates. 5-1-Research method 1-5-1-Statistical population and sampling method 1-1-5-1 Statistical population The population is a collection of real or hypothetical members to which the research results are transferred (Delavar, 2011, 89). The statistical population studied in this research is 169 villages in the central part of Mehrestan city. These 169 villages have 8353 households and 34788 people.

2-1-5-1- Sampling method and sample size

The stratified method was used in sampling according to the objectives and assumptions of the research. Stratified sampling is used for two main purposes. First, when the researcher wants to make sure that a certain category of the population is present in the sample, it is with the same ratio as in the population. To do this, it is necessary to be able to identify the elements of the population according to the desired characteristics (Beliki, 2012, 260). In the present study, using stratified sampling method, the distance of rural points from the city of Zabeli has been taken into consideration to select the villages. According to this criterion, the villages were selected as follows: A- The villages were divided into five groups based on distance, B- Based on the share of each class, the number of sample villages was randomly selected. To determine the sample size of the villages, the estimation method was used. In the present research, by examining related researches and their sample size, in order to make about 12% of the statistical population, 20 villages were considered as the sample size of the research. The reasons for assigning 12% of the population are the harsh climatic conditions, the large distance between the villages, the similarity of the villages according to the nature of the investigated problem, and the limitations of facilities and time. In the next step, Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample at the household level. According to this formula, the sample size at the household level is equal to 380 households (Table No. 1-2 and Figure No. 1-1). Conducted researches by external and national researchers indicate which most of the relations in Iran between urban and rural is unhealthy and uncoordinated so the result of this relation makes urban development and being behind of rural environments.