Spatial-Spatial Analysis of Urban Green Space in Anzali Port (Case Study of Parks in District 1)

Academic Thesis for Master's degree (M.A)

Department of Geography and Urban Planning

Abstract

With the increase in the population of cities, the term green space and uses of urban green space have received more attention. Therefore, as the cities get bigger, the feeling of need for the existence of green spaces increases, both for the direct use of citizens and in terms of the role of refining the environment. The importance of green spaces in the urban environment is such that it is considered as one of the indicators of the development of societies and benefits such as the treatment of mental illnesses, a favorable environment for raising children, social integration, maintaining comfort and so on. has In addition, these spaces are used for the general public to spend their free time, have fun and meet friends and social and cultural gatherings. In this research, the green space of Bandar Anzali city has been investigated. This city with an area of ??9 square kilometers and a population of 116,664 people based on the general population and housing census of 2013 is located on the coast of the Caspian Sea and is one of the most important tourist destinations in the north of the country, and therefore it is necessary to have more green space per capita than other cities.

Key words: urban planning, urban green space, spatial-spatial analysis, Bandar Anzali

The advancement of information technology in the current world, which has led to the increase of mass media, has faced today's human with information congestion and has added to environmental crises. Crowded cities, the emergence of megacities and dense and overcrowded living environments are the consequences of population growth, which, according to the relations and definition of new human relations in the information age, have created a kind of life characterized by nervous crises for human life in the 21st century. It can be said that population congestion and information congestion have added to the environmental crises and at the same time, they have become the main characteristic that shapes the paradigms of contemporary human life, and at the same time it has caused many physical and psychological damages for humans, therefore, among the many factors influencing and creating the environmental crisis, the three factors of population density, information congestion, and environmental crises, especially the lack of connection between humans and nature, have created a kind of nervous and psychological crisis for contemporary humans, and this nervous crisis has had a direct impact on the adverse consequences.

Ignoring nature in the world, after the industrial revolution, occurred in all countries with different civilization backgrounds. So its destruction at a high speed has had many consequences and costs so far. Some of these consequences include all humans in a comprehensive way (such as the destruction of the ozone layer, etc.) and others have occurred in specific areas (such as neglecting the importance of the presence of nature in the structure of cities and megacities). The effects of destruction of nature along with population crowding and information crowding in the current age (information age) have caused many physical, psychological and social consequences and with exorbitant costs for humans and have caused many countries to gradually develop programs to review and restore nature. Twenty years ago, the environmental revolution was only a preoccupation. Today is a global movement. And the global environment has become a priority in the world agenda. How unbearable and how gratifying that the interest in preserving the earth has replaced the determination to destroy it. Therefore, a new task is in front of us - understanding the way the world works and adjusting our behavior in response to this awareness, preserving the earth, greening and healing it (McHarg, 1991, Preface). In the design of today's cities, efforts are made to bring nature into the living environment in the form of urban parks, but this issue has not been able to fully respond to human psychological needs. Because throughout history, man has had a direct, immediate, easy and continuous connection with nature as his source and mother, and this connection has become weak in the era of industry and with the domination of the hard machine. The city of Anzali is one of the cities that, due to the increase in population and physical expansion, the location and number of green spaces have not changed much compared to the past. In fact, with the expansion of the population, there has been no increase in green space, and therefore the per capita green space of the people of Anzali is far from the standard per capita. Migration, natural growth, the transformation of villages into cities and the annexation of many villages into cities have increased a lot.This increase has caused changes in the structure and texture of the cities, so that the immigrant population has settled on the outskirts of the cities and this has caused a decline in urban functions, such that this surplus population needs many urban services and the cities are mostly unable to respond to them. It has created a green space for its residents, which is quite noticeable in urban parks. The lack of inner-city parks in different urban areas, as well as the inappropriate distribution of this use in the city of Anzali, has revealed the importance and necessity of research in this field. The title of the research is spatial-spatial analysis of urban green space in Anzali city, a case study of the parks of district (1). The population of the studied city is increasing compared to the previous decades and according to the last general housing census of 1390, the population of Anzali city was 116,664 people. The per capita standards of green space in the world are (20-25 square meters) and the per capita determined by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development in Iranian cities is (7-12 square meters). If the urban green space per capita in Anzali port is less than 4 square meters per person.  In this research, it is tried to evaluate its quality and quantity at the city level in terms of location and suitability and proximity to other uses in accordance with location criteria, and by clarifying the strengths and weaknesses of urban parks, we can take a useful step towards providing reasonable and suitable suggestions for the use of green space at the city level.

The sub-objectives of the research are:

Identifying green space in Anzali city

Explaining the distribution of green space in Anzali city

Explaining the functions of green space in Anzali city

1-3: Research questions

Is the available green space per capita in Bandar Anzali city optimal?

1-4: research hypotheses

Spatial and spatial distribution, urban green space in Bandar Anzali is inappropriate.

Per capita urban green space in Bandar Anzali is less than its standard amount.

How the population accesses urban green space in Bandar Anzali is inappropriate.

1-5: Research method and its steps

The research method in this work was descriptive-analytical using Questionnaire, observation and interview and urban maps were collected. And data processing and analysis was done using EXCEL and SPSS software.

1-5-1: Data collection method

Two library and field methods have been used to collect the data required for this research. In this way, the library studies of the results of the general population and housing census of Anzali city and the statistical yearbook, articles and specialized books and information available in government organizations, including the deputy planning, municipality, green space organization, and to prepare thematic maps of political, topographic, geological, soil and land use maps at different scales have been used. Also, in this part of the studies, it is necessary to collect information through observation, interview and photo.

1-5-2: Information collection tool

Information collection tool in the library method in the form of charts, tables and sketches. It is a database and the field method is a questionnaire and a camera.

1-6: Statistical population

The statistical population in this research is those who refer to urban gardens in Bandar Anzali. About 384 questionnaires have been completed by people.

1-6-1: Data analysis

In this step, the data from the processing is analyzed.