Analysis of the impact of the discourse of political elites on the political geography of Iran

Number of pages: 157 File Format: word File Code: 30364
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Political Science
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  • Summary of Analysis of the impact of the discourse of political elites on the political geography of Iran

    Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A)

    Field: Political Geography

    Abstract

    In the dictionary term, elite means chosen and selected. In the old general sense, the elite was referred to a small group who had gained a special position in terms of customs and traditions, spiritual position and social welfare. The power of this group is justified and defined in a social system based on the constitution as a derivation of national sovereignty and independence. Today, the political elites are selected as special groups and have legal legitimacy.

    According to the emphasis of the Supreme Leader in 2005, in order to realize the "correct and appropriate use of the scientific capacities of the elites in line with the all-round development of the country, the past and contemporary political elites of Iran in the field of political geography of Iran is also an alternative model in confronting the cultivation of political elites in the country. The masses of the people and the political elites of the Middle East and the international system have been transformed in order to confront the popular discourse imposed by the West.

    In this research, in order to test the proposed hypotheses, descriptive, analytical and contextual studies have been carried out, and the library and field research methods have been carried out, considering the importance and role of the official elites in the construction of the political geography of Iran. Its political elites have been investigated that political elites is an empirical or behavioral concept.

    In the years before and after the Islamic revolution, political geography and Iranian national identity have been affected by the political culture of elites, especially the elites of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This influence of Rami Tiwan in terms of the ideology of the revolution and the continuation of Iran's territorial identity in the framework of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, the transformation of this ideology from the discourse of the revolution to the discourse of reforms, and economic development and the understanding of the formation bases of the discourse of religious democracy and the discourse of the Islamic state, also in terms of the impact on mass participation and political mobilization in the framework of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution and the continuation of Iranian nationalism, the evolution of the concept of participation, and the impact of different approaches

    Key words: Political culture-political elites-revolutionary ideology-political participation-elite discourse-national identity-political geography of Iran

    -1) Introduction

    In this chapter, the research framework is first described and then the research questions, research hypotheses, research necessity, research motivation, research objectives, the importance of the research topic, the scope of the study, research records, research methods and its steps, are expressed by explaining the dimensions of each.

    According to the emphasis of the Supreme Leader in 1385 in order to realize the "correct and appropriate use of the scientific capacities of the elites in line with the all-round development of the country's policy and the course of the past and contemporary political elites of Iran in the field of political geography of Iran is also an alternative model in facing the cultivation of political elites in the country. The discourse of the Islamic elites of the Iranian revolution has now become the dominant discourse of the masses of the people and the political elites of the Middle East and the international system in order to counter the common discourse imposed by the West. The emergence of the Islamic Revolution of Iran It is considered a turning point in the political developments of the Middle East region and the international system. This issue is affected by Iran's position in the Middle East as a meeting point of the interests of the superpowers as well as the international goals and missions of the Islamic Revolution discourse. have an international system. Meanwhile, changing the political equations of the world, issuing the revolution, supporting the liberation movements and fighting against global Zionism have been the most important international aspects of the revolution. On the other hand, the discourse of the elites of the Islamic Revolution has caused the awakening and revival of Islamic thought in the region, and by presenting the model of religious democracy and strengthening the current of Islamism in the world, it has led to the discrediting of the bipolar system, especially the weakening of the hegemonic position of the United States. These broad and lasting effects of the discourse of the elites of the Islamic Revolution have practically caused the orientation and confrontation of regional conservative powers and superpowers whose interests have been challenged in the Middle East, and for this reason, extensive measures have been taken to counter the discourse of the elites of the Islamic Revolution and spread its values ??and messages.Despite the challenges faced by the discourse of the Islamic elites of the Iranian revolution, this discourse has now become the dominant discourse of the masses of the people and the political elites of the Middle East and the international system in order to confront the popular discourse imposed by the West.

    Political elites play a decisive role in the development or decline of their society. In the case of Iran, throughout its history, even in the Islamic Revolution of 1357, it destroyed the previous political elite group and created a new group. It seems that groups or social classes of political elites with different discourses that have played a more important role in the victory of the revolution have the same proportion and size of representation in the ruling body group.

    In the years before and after the Islamic revolution, the political geography and national identity of Iran has been affected by the political culture of the elites, especially the elites of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In terms of the ideology of the revolution and the continuation of Iran's territorial identity in the framework of the discourse of the Islamic revolution, the transformation of this ideology from the discourse of the revolution to the discourse of reforms, and economic development, and the understanding of the formation bases of the discourse of religious democracy and the discourse of the Islamic state, he also saw this impact in terms of the impact on mass participation and political mobilization in the framework of the discourse of the Islamic revolution and the continuation of Iranian nationalism, the evolution of the concept of participation, and the impact of different approaches. In this thesis, in order to test the proposed hypotheses, conclusions have been drawn from the discussed topics. Considering the importance and role of the official elites in the construction of Iran's political geography, this research deals with several cases based on such a hypothesis that we have examined the trend and development of political geography in Iran through the analysis of its political elites, that the concept of political elites as used in this thesis is an empirical or behavioral concept. Globally, in the geopolitical debate, the political and scientific elites and academics, including Ratzel, have played a great role in advancing and transforming political geography, and this can also be felt in Iran. We decided to analyze the role of the discourse of the political elites in the political geography of Iran through extensive investigations.

    The discourse should promote political, cultural and especially religious insight in the audience, and as a result, bring them closer to the facts and strengthen the bond of friendship and understanding. between different groups within the framework of the Islamic system and strengthen the unity among nations.

    In this thesis, we want to analyze the effects of the political culture of the elites of Iran, especially the Islamic Republic of Iran, during the years 1357-1391. We have considered the time periods and then based on different time periods we have chosen the influence of the political discourse of political geography elites. Then we have examined the situation of political geography of Iran in different periods and even the situation of natural geography and the special characteristics of Iran. Then, to explain and evaluate the role of different discourses from the historical periods, especially from the Qajar and Pahlavi times, and also after the victory of the Islamic Revolution in the years 1357 to 1368, we have used the discourse of (Islamic Revolution) and the years after that, i.e. the years of 1368 to 1376, in the framework of the discourse of (Reforms). and economic development)) under scientific investigation and evaluation, and finally we have analyzed the years 1367 to 1384 based on the discourse propositions ((religious democracy)) and also the years 1384 to 1391 from the discourse of the Islamic State. Also, in this topic, we have mentioned the properties of decision-making by Iran's political elites, especially the discussion of population and progress and justice and the effects of discourses on regional issues.

    Undoubtedly, the contemporary history of Iran, especially the researched time periods, is full of different opinions and different and sometimes conflicting actions of the political discourse of the elites in connection with the political geography approach, which, of course, according to the reasons mentioned, here we only share as much as the discourse propositions of the political culture of the elites. We have done enough, and for this reason, we have scientifically evaluated the discussed discourse propositions under general and distinct but at the same time related titles such as "Islamic Revolution Discourse", "Reforms and Economic Development Discourse and Social Development" and finally "Religious Democracy Discourse"

  • Contents & References of Analysis of the impact of the discourse of political elites on the political geography of Iran

    List:

    Abstract 1

    First chapter: General research

    1-1) Introduction 3

    1-2) Statement of the problem 5

    1-3) Research question. 6

    1-4) research hypotheses. 6

    1-5) research background. 6

    1-6) research objectives. 10

    1-7) The necessity of research. 11

    1-7-1) Research motivation. 11

    1-8) research method. 11

    1-8-1) Data collection method and tools 12

    1-8-2) Scope of study 12

    1-9) Definition of concepts 12

    1-9-1) Political geography. 12

    1-9-2) Political elites. 13

    1-9-3) Government. 13

    1-9-4) Iran. 13

    1-10) research limitations. 14

    The second chapter:  theoretical foundations; Concepts and perspectives

    1-2) Introduction 16

    2-2) Definitions of elite 16

    2-3) Definition of elite from your point of view. 17

    2-4) theories of elitism. 17

    2-5) The concept of political elitism. 18

    2-5-1) traditional elites. 19

    2-5-2) technocrat elites. 19

    2-5-3) ownership elites. 19

    2-5-4) Extraordinary or charismatic elites. 20

    2-5-5) ideological elites. 20

    2-5-6) symbolic elites. 20

    2-6) Political elite in terms of different views. 20

    2-7) Elite in general and specific definition. 23

    2-8) elitism; Face to face with democracy. 26

    2-9) Political elites from a conceptual point of view. 27

    2-10) Theory of political elites. 27

    2-10-1) The theorists of the political elite of Gaetana Mosca 27

    2-10-2) Wilfredo Pare Tu. 28

    2-10-3) Robert Michels. 29

    2-11) Criticism of elite rule. 30

    2-12) Rulers and ruled. 30

    2-12-1) Reflection on the views of elite theory. 30

    2-12-2) Italy; The cradle of elite theory. 31

    2-12-3) Classical elitists. 31

    2-12-4) The new theory of elites. 33

    2-13) government. 35

    2-14) types of government. 36

    2-15) government and government. 36

    2-16) government and government-nation. 37

    2-17) government and civil society. 37

    2-18) Man against the government. 37

    2-19) theories of government function. 38

    2-20) anarchism or anarchism. 39

    2-21) Marxism 39

    2-22) Pluralism or pluralism. 40

    2-23) Postmodernism 41

    2-24) Government independence (institutionalism) 41

    2-25) Theories of government legitimacy. 42

    2-26) Divine legitimacy. 42

    2-27) logical-legal power. 42

    2-28) Terminology. 43

    2-29) History 43

    2-30) Prehistoric societies without government. 44

    2-31) Neolithic period. 45

    2-32) Government in ancient Eurasia. 46

    2-33) Government in ancient Greece. 46

    2-34) Feudal government. 46

    2-35) modern government. 47

    2-36) "Government" basic concept 49

    2-37) National identity and historiography. 50

    2-38) Iran after Islam 50

    2-39) Iran's geo-spatial rise. 51

    2-40) The concept of identity. 51

    2-41) Iran's identity in the modern world. 52

    2-42) Dos and don'ts of political elites from the point of view of Supreme Leader. 55

    The third chapter: Geographic scope of the research

    3-1) Introduction 64

    3-2) Iran's political and natural geography // Government and government structures in Iran. 64

    3-2-1) Geographical characteristics of Iran. 64

    3-3) Geographical location of Iran. 65

    3-4) Iranian plateau. 66

    3-5) Iran. 67

    3-6) Iran's neighbors and border areas. 71

    3-7) The geographical form of Iran. 72

    3-8) Mathematical position of Iran. 73

    3-9) Iran's relative position. 74

    3-10) Iran's regional position. 75

    3-10-1) Caucasus Anatolian geopolitical area. 75

    3-10-2) The geopolitical area of ??the Persian Gulf. 76

    3-10-3) The geopolitical area of ??the Oman Sea and the Indian Ocean 76

    3-10-4) The geopolitical area of ??the Iranian plateau. 76

    3-10-5) The geopolitical area of ??Central Asia. 76

    3-10-6) The geopolitical area of ??the Caspian Sea. 76

    3-11) global position. 77

    3-12) Barry's position. 77

    3-13) Marine position. 78

    3-14) strategic position. 78

    3-15) The reasons for a geographical location being strategic are: 78

    3-15-1) buffer position. 79

    3-15-2) Transit position. 80

    3-15-3) Iran's geopolitical position.81

    3-16) The impact of Iran's geopolitical issues on geographical location. 84

    3-17) Political issues and war. 85

    3-18) Characteristics and geographical factors effective in reducing Iran's national power. 86

    3-19) geoeconomic issues. 87

    3-20) The difference between political geography and geopolitics. 90

    3-21) The birth of government: (Mujtahadzadeh, 2011 p. 68) 90

    3-22) The birth of government. 91

    3-23) theories of the emergence of government in Iran. 91

    3-23-1) Montesquieu and Hegel's theory of Oriental tyranny. 91

    3-23-2) Theory of Asian Production Government. 92

    3-23-3) theory of water states (hydraulic) 93

    3-23-4) theory of the necessity of security and defense. 93

    3-23-5) Anthropological theory. 94

    3-23-6) Theory of kingdom-popular government. 94

    Chapter Four: Research Findings

    4-1) Introduction 96

    4-2) The Shah of Iran and the composition of political elites. 96

    4-3) Shah of Iran and opposition elites. 97

    4-3-1) Demoralization and depoliticization. 98

    4-3-2) State exile. 98

    4-3-3) Voluntary exile 98

    4-3-4) Giving foreign posts. 98

    4-3-5) Removal from office 98

    6-3-6) Imprisonment. 99

    4-4) Shah of Iran and elites. 99

    4-5) A historical approach about the nature of elites in Iranian society. 101

    4-6) An analysis of the social context of contemporary political elites. 102

    4-6-1) Place of birth and place of residence. 102

    4-6-2) Age. 102

    4-6-3) religion. 103

    4-6-4) elite fathers, elite sons. 103

    4-6-5) Education. 103

    4-6-6) Foreign languages. 104

    4-6-7) Foreign trips. 104

    4-6-8) Jobs. 104

    4-7) tendency of political elites. 104

    4-8) The results of elite orientation. 105

    4-8-1) Xenophobia. 105

    2-8-2) tendency towards the king 106

    4-8-3) social distrust. 106

    4-8-4) family distrust; 106

    4-8-5) government mistrust. 106

    4-8-6) populism-non-elite tendency. 106

    4-9) The cost of politics in Iran. 106

    4-10) The role of political elites in accepting Security Council Resolution 598. 107

    4-11) The policy of Iran's past and present political elites. 111

    4-12) Islamic leftist parties. 115

    4-13) Socialist and Marxist parties and groups. 115

    4-14) political forces and organizations in the years after the revolution. 120

    4-15) Charismatic politics and authority: 1358-68. 126

    4-16) Politics and traditional authority: 1386-76. 127

    4-17) The position of Iranian elites. 132

    4-18) Islamic awakening, elite self-knowledge and its defense. 136

    4-19) The reason for the impact of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution on Islamic awakening. 137

    4-20) Discourse achievements of elites of the Islamic Revolution. 138

    4-21) The consequences of demographic changes on the legitimacy of the political system in Iran. 143

    4-22) The effects of the Islamic revolution discourse. 147

    4-22-1) Independence. 148

    4-22-2) Comprehensiveism. 148

    4-22-3) generalism and particularism. 148

    4-23) Conflicts of political elites and political stability in the Islamic Republic of Iran. 149

    4-24) Elites and the expansion of the discourse circle of the Islamic Revolution. 149

    4-25) Designing the Iranian Islamic model of progress. 151

    4-25-1) What was the reason for designing the Iranian Islamic model of progress? 151

    4-25-2) The concept of the subject. 151

    4-25-3) pattern. 152

    4-25-4) Islamic. 152

    4-25-5) Iranian. 152

    4-25-6) progress. 153

    4-26) Objectives of strategic thinking meetings. 153

    4-26-1) Presuppositions 153

    4-27) Development areas. 154

    4-27-1) Progress in the field of thinking, logic and insight. 154

    4-27-2) Progress in the field of science 154

    4-27-3) Progress in the field of life and work. 154

    4-27-4) Progress in the field of spirituality, faith and ethics. 154

    4-28) important requirements for designing the model of Islamic progress. 155

    4-28-1) Belief in monotheism and the origin of the universe: 155

    4-28-2) Full attention to resurrection, reckoning and life after death. 155

    4-28-3) The Islamic view of salvation and the centrality of man. 155

    4-28-4) Continuity of this world and the hereafter. 155

    4-28-5) Paying attention to Islam's view on governance. 155

    4-28-6) Islamic view and immaterial view of the economy 156

    4-28-7) Central justice.

Analysis of the impact of the discourse of political elites on the political geography of Iran