Comparison of attachment styles, coping skills, primary maladaptive schemas and resilience in people with substance abuse and non-drug abusers.

Number of pages: 93 File Format: word File Code: 30309
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Psychology
  • Part of the Content
  • Contents & Resources
  • Summary of Comparison of attachment styles, coping skills, primary maladaptive schemas and resilience in people with substance abuse and non-drug abusers.

    Thesis for the master degree in clinical psychology (M.A)

    Abstract

    Without a doubt, drug use is considered one of the biggest social problems of today's societies and there are few countries in the world that are free from its harms and problems (Mousavi, 2008). Substance abuse and dependence and addiction is a complex disorder that is associated with biological, psychological, social and spiritual causes and effects. The complexity of biological, psychological, social, economic, political and cultural factors has turned this predicament into one of the most complex individual, family and social problems. Today, addiction is a health and public health problem all over the world and in all countries (Zarin Kalk, 2018).

    The purpose of this research was to compare attachment styles, coping skills, early maladaptive schemas and resilience in people with substance abuse and non-substance abusers. According to the calculated statistics, the statistical population of this research was 150 people, which included all male people with and without substance abuse. Opioid is located in the city of Lar, and the sample size of the research, which was calculated through the Morgan table and Cochran's formula, is 108 people, which includes two groups of 54 people. The first group includes sick people who are between the ages of 20 and 60 years old and have been to Shafa Gostar and Aindigan clinics located in Lar city for treatment since the beginning of this year. It was done using the variables of age, gender, education level and so on. Be matched with the first group. This study was conducted in a causal-comparative way and to collect data, Collins and Reed adult attachment styles questionnaires, Endler and Parker coping with psychological pressure, Connor and Davidson resilience scale and Young's maladaptive schema were used. SPSS18 software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a difference in close attachment style between healthy and addicted people and this difference is significant at 0.02 level. But according to the average obtained, there is no significant difference between the two styles of dependence and anxiety. The mean obtained from the coping styles questionnaire indicated that there is a difference in the problem-oriented coping style between healthy and addicted people and this relationship is significant at the 0.00 level. But in the other two coping styles, i.e., emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented, this difference is not significant. Also, there is a difference in the average of incompatible schemas between these two groups, and this difference is significant at the 0.02 level. The score obtained from the resilience questionnaire also showed that there is no difference between healthy and addicted people in this scale, so this relationship is not significant.

    Keywords: styles Attachment, coping skills, early maladaptive schemas, resilience, substance abuse.

  • Contents & References of Comparison of attachment styles, coping skills, primary maladaptive schemas and resilience in people with substance abuse and non-drug abusers.

    List:

    Table of Contents

     

    Title                                                   . 2

    1-1- Introduction. 3

    1-2- statement of the problem. 5

    1-3- The importance of research. 11

    1-4- Research objectives. 14

    1-4-1- General objectives. 14

    1-4-2- Minor goals. 14

    1-4-3- Practical goals. 14

    1-5- Research questions. 14

    1-6- Definition of research variables. 15

    1-6-1- Theoretical definition. 15

    1-6-2- practical definition. 15

    Chapter Two: Literature and research background. 17

    2-1- Introduction. 18

    2-2- Addiction and factors affecting it. 18

    2-2-1- Etiology theories. 19

    2-2-1-1- Genetic theory. 19

    2-2-1-2- Psychodynamic theory. 19

    2-2-1-3- behavioral theories. 20

    2-2-1-4- cognitive theories. 21

    2-2-1-5- behavioral and cognitive behavioral theories. 21

    2-3- Attachment. 22

    2-3-1- The process of attachment formation. 24

    2-3-2- types of attachment styles. 25

    2-3-3- Disorders related to attachment. 26

    2-3-4- biological function of the attachment system. 26

    2-4- coping skills. 28

    2-4-1- types of coping skills. 28

    2-5- Primary inconsistent schemas. 31

    2-5-1- Formation of inconsistent designs. 32

    2-5-2- The performance of incompatible schemes. 33

    2-5-3- Conditional and non-conditional schemes. 33

    2-6- Resilience. 34

    2-6-1- Resilience models. 35

    2-6-2- dimensions of resilience. 36

    2-7- Addiction relationship with research variables. 37

    2-8 - Research background. 41

    2-8-1- Research conducted abroad. 41

    2-8-2- The research done inside the country. 45

    2-8-3- Summary of researches 50

    Chapter three: research method. 52

    3-1- Introduction. 53

    3-2- Research method. 53

    3-3- Statistical population. 53

    3-4- Sampling method and sample size. 53

    3-5- Research tools. 54

    3-5-1- Questionnaire of adult attachment styles. 54

    3-5-1-1- Psychometric features. 54

    3-5-2- Questionnaire for dealing with psychological pressure. 55

    3-5-2-1- Features of psychometry. 56

    3-5-3- Connor and Davidson resilience scale (2003) 57

    3-5-3-1- Psychometric characteristics. 57

    3-5-4- Yang's inconsistent schema questionnaire. 59

    3-6- Test execution method. 60

    3-7- Information analysis method. 60

    Chapter Four: Data Analysis 61

    4-1- Introduction. 62

    4-2- Descriptive statistics. 62

    4-3- Inferential statistics. 76

    4-4- Side findings. 80

     

    Chapter five: discussion and conclusion. 84

    5-1- Introduction. 85

    5-2- Discussion and interpretation of the results. 85

    5-3- Explanation of findings 90

    5-4- Research limitations. 92

    5-5- Suggestions. 93

     

    List of sources. 94

    References. 100

    Appendix. 101

    Table List

    Page Title

    Table (3-1) Cronbach's alpha test on the variable of attachment styles. 55

    Table (2-3) Cronbach's alpha test on opposite styles and its dimensions. 57

    Table (3-3) Cronbach's alpha test on resilience variable. 58

    Table (3-4) Cronbach's alpha test on the variable of incompatible schemas. 60

    Table (1-4) distribution of people based on age and addiction status. 62

    Table (2-4) distribution of people based on education and addiction status. 64

    Table (4-3) distribution of people based on occupation and addiction status. 66

    Table (4-4) distribution of people based on marital status and addiction status. 68

    Table (4-5) distribution of people based on number of children and addiction status. 70

    Table (4-6) descriptive statistics of attachment styles and its subscales in healthy and sick people. 72

    Table (4-7) descriptive statistics of opposite styles in healthy and sick people. 73

    Table (4-8) descriptive statistics of incompatible schemas in healthy and sick people.74

    Table (4-9) descriptive statistics of resilience in healthy and sick people. 75

    Table (4-10) variance analysis test between addiction status and attachment styles. 76

    Table (11-4) mean and standard deviation of addiction status and attachment styles. 76

    Table (12-4) variance analysis test between addiction status and coping styles. 77

    Table (13-4) mean and standard deviation of addiction status and attachment styles. 77

    Table (14-4) variance analysis test between addiction status and incompatible schemas. 78

    Table (15-4) mean and standard deviation of addiction status and incompatible schemas. 78

    Table (16-4) variance analysis test between addiction status and resilience. 79

    Table (17-4) mean and standard deviation of addiction and resilience. 79

    Table (18-4) correlation between addiction status and problem-oriented coping style. 80

    Table (19-4) regression equation and its statistics between addiction status and problem-oriented coping. 80

    Table (4-20) of variables excluded from the model. 80

    Table (21-4) correlation between addiction status and close attachment style. 81

    Table (4-22) regression equation and its statistics between addiction status and close attachment style. 81

    Table (4-23) of variables excluded from the model. 81

    Table (4-24) T-test of two independent groups between addiction status and incompatible schemas. 82

    Table (25-4) mean and standard deviation of addiction status and incompatible schemas. 82

    Table (4-26) T-test of two independent groups between addiction status and resilience. 83

    Table (4-27) mean and standard deviation of addiction status and resilience

    Source:

    List of sources

    Thesis

    Ahmadian, 2015. Comparison of maladaptive schemas of depressed patients attempting suicide with depressed patients not attempting suicide and non-clinical population. Master thesis, Iran Institute of Psychiatry.

    Ebrahimi, A. 2017. Examining the pattern of coping with stress in self-reported addicts of the Addiction Research and Prevention Center in Isfahan and comparing it with the control group. Master's thesis, Isfahan University.            

    Amini, F. 1387. Comparison of attachment styles, attachment to God in two groups of people with drug abuse and non-afflicted. Master's thesis in clinical psychology, Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch. Comparative study of attachment and resilience styles in gifted and normal school students. Master's thesis in educational psychology, Shiraz University. Arshdi, M. 1378. Disorders associated with abuse in adolescents. Master thesis, Tehran University of Welfare and Empowerment Sciences.

    Bagheri, 2015. The relationship between coping methods and the tendency to abuse drugs in the students of the 8th district of Islamic Azad University. Master's thesis, Islamic Azad University, Rodhan branch. Pirjalian, 2010. Drug abuse and its relationship with self-esteem and self-concept. Master's thesis, Islamic Azad University, Roudhen branch. Jaafranjad, 1382. Examining the relationship between the 5 big factors, coping styles and psychological health in teacher education undergraduate students in the academic year 2018-2018, Master's thesis of Tarbiat Moalem University.                                                                                                                                    

    Hakim Elahi, 1389. Investigating the relationship between attachment to parents and peers and dimensions of religious orientation with happiness in Shiraz high school students. Master's Thesis in Educational Psychology, Shiraz University. The predictive role of attachment styles and perfectionism in students' learning self-regulation. Master's Thesis in Educational Psychology, Shiraz University. Khurshidian, 2019. Determining the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and symptoms of mental disorders with job burnout. Master's thesis in psychology, Shiraz University.                                    

    Dehghani, M. 1381- The relationship between attachment styles, addiction and psychological profile of addicted people compared to non-addicted people (self-report centers of Bushehr province). Master's Thesis, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Zulfiqari Mutlaq, 2016. Studying the effectiveness of attachment-based therapy on reducing the symptoms of separation anxiety.

Comparison of attachment styles, coping skills, primary maladaptive schemas and resilience in people with substance abuse and non-drug abusers.