Studying the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the words used in common headlines of Persian language websites inside and outside the country and determining its relationship with the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the whole news title.

Number of pages: 118 File Format: word File Code: 30307
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Psychology
Tags/Keywords: arousal - overcome - pleasant
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  • Summary of Studying the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the words used in common headlines of Persian language websites inside and outside the country and determining its relationship with the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the whole news title.

    To receive a master's degree

    in the field of cognitive psychology

    Abstract

    Purpose: The purpose of this research was to study the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the words used in common headlines of Persian language websites inside and outside the country and to determine its relationship with the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the entire news headline and evaluate domestic and foreign news agencies. Study method: This study was conducted by survey method. 6 news reporters, including 3 domestic news agencies and 3 foreign news agencies, were selected according to their preference for (fundamentalism, reformism, and neutral) Rajanews, Mashreq News of Fars news agency. BBC Farsi, Voice of America and Radio Farda were selected from foreign news agencies. Based on this, the news search software was designed by the programmer and the international news of the March period was separated according to the subject by the researcher. 7 news titles were selected and finally 3 titles were removed. The words of these 6 news agencies were divided into 7 common titles, according to the linguist's opinion, prepositions and documentary verbs were removed and non-documentary verbs were used as infinitives. Evaluation of 150 words from 7 news headlines before removing 3 headlines was done using SAM questionnaire by 143 adult subjects in the age range of 18 to 45 who were selected by available sampling method. Findings: Statistical data were analyzed using mean, mean, Spearman's correlation, analysis of variance of repeated measures, Mochli's sphericity, chi-square and coefficient using spss software version 21. The average arousal, pleasantness and dominance of these 150 words were calculated. Arousal, pleasantness and dominance of words were not significantly related. There is a significant relationship between the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the headline words and the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the entire news headline. In the period of March 1991, among the 6 news agencies mentioned, Voice of America and Radio Tomorrow were the most excited. Mashreq News, BBC and Fars News respectively used more pleasant words. Fars News has meaningfully used words with high dominance. Conclusion: according to the obtained results, having arousal score of a word cannot predict the pleasantness or dominance of that word and vice versa. Having the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the total words of a news headline can be predicted with a probability of more than 50% about the arousal or pleasantness or dominance of that whole news headline. Among the domestic and foreign Persian language websites in the field of international affairs, BBC has less excitement and dominance and more pleasantness than other news agencies, Mashreq is the domestic news agency with the highest pleasantness and Raja uses the least pleasant words. Also, Fars has used the most words out of the domestic news agencies.  Keywords: arousal, pleasantness, dominance

    1 Introduction

    The present age is the age of communication and information; An era in which the media plays an important role in the formation of public opinion at various national, regional and international levels (Aghaei, Sadeghi, Hadi, 2011). Nowadays, the importance of news is not hidden from anyone. Websites are one of the most important sources of news. According to the statistics published by Iran's first online research group in 2012, nearly 54 percent of all Internet users in the Middle East live in Iran, and according to the type of activity of people on the Internet, the highest levels are searching for information (67 percent); Studying news sites (65 percent); Online banking (64 percent); Downloading music (49 percent); Social networks (44%) and online shopping (43%) are reserved. According to users, after searching for information, the study of news sites is the most popular part of the Internet, which makes its importance clear. (Mashreq, 2011)

    Each news has a title that most of the times expresses the summary and content of the news and can attract the audience or have the opposite effect on them. News titles consist of words and sentences. These words and sentences have an emotional charge. Audiences constantly encounter these words. The emotional charge in the words and sentences of the news causes a pleasant or unpleasant feeling such as: happiness, anger, sadness, tension or resentment in them. Meanwhile, sometimes words may have opposite emotional meaning despite the same definition, such as the word "classic" versus "Demde" which have the same definition but convey opposite emotional meaning.Choosing emotional words in the news makes the communication more complete and is very important (Abassi et al., 2011). In addition to the emotional experience that is pleasant or unpleasant, dominance includes the feeling of control or lack of control, and arousal as physiological and psychological changes, under the influence of the emotional load of words, is mentioned in this. It can be said that the news and especially the news title is one of the most important places where the emotional load of words is very important.

    This research has studied the level of arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the words used in the news headlines of domestic and foreign Persian language websites and the relationship of each of these components with each other and seeks to determine whether there is a correlation between these components in the form of words with arousal and pleasantness. Has it been in the form of news links? And finally evaluate these cases in Persian language websites inside and outside the country.

    1-2 Statement of the problem

    Websites are one of the important sources of news. Today, it is rare to find anyone who does not use the media and is not aware of the news.

    Websites fuel widespread protest actions by providing quick information about the acute issues of human society, transferring protest symbols and inciting emotions. Attracting fans, internal cohesion, creating alliances and coalitions between individuals and groups, harmonizing campaign goals and methods, and directing public opinion is a sign of the high capability of virtual space; This is clearly seen in the recent developments in the Middle East (Aghaei, Sadeghi, Hadi, 2013).

    Due to its constant importance, the developments in the Middle East have provided an opportunity for the media, especially websites, to show their capacities more than before (Gasemzadeh, 2015). Undoubtedly, one of the areas that media news and websites deal with in a special way is various issues related to Iran. These include political, economic, cultural, military points, etc.

    Websites, despite having useful points, can also be considered as an effective tool to achieve political, economic and military goals, which play a vital role with the language of words and sentences in the news structure. It uses cognitive techniques instead of weapons. One of the most effective tools used in cognitive wars is the media (Futuristic Information Technology Knowledge Research Group, 2017). In this way, the media, with their great capabilities, can present the most ugly concepts to the audience in a beautiful way or vice versa, and manipulate thoughts and push them towards what the media members want.

    Emotional words and sentences are very important in news and headlines. For example, the research examining and comparing the similarities and differences of discourses and news images made on the two websites of Al Jazeera English and Press TV regarding the news coverage of the Syrian conflicts in the period from April to September 2013 (March 21 to September 21, 2013) shows how two media with two opposing views with different titles, sentences and words induced different and opposing opinions and positive and negative images of the heads of states in their audience. (Khalili, 2012). This topic shows the importance and how the emotional load of news words and sentences affect the audience.

    Websites as one of the media can also be a tool of cognitive weapons that the audience is exposed to by their choice. Websites can be considered an important tool in which words and sentences play an essential role and can be dangerous by influencing the audience's thoughts. In a way, studying about this topic, knowledge is considered one of the tools of cognitive wars.

    With a close look, you can see fundamental differences between the literature of different Persian language websites inside and outside the country. According to the researcher, there are clear differences in the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the words used in different websites. The emotional impact of words in news headlines attracts more audiences to foreign media and websites, and this research intends to study these questions.

  • Contents & References of Studying the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the words used in common headlines of Persian language websites inside and outside the country and determining its relationship with the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the whole news title.

    List:

    Table of Contents Page

    1-1 Introduction....................................................... 1

    1-2 Statement of the problem............................................................ 2

    1-3 Importance and necessity of the research................................................. 3

    1-4 Research goals................................................................................. 5

    1-4-1 goals Main.................................................. 5

    1-4-2 Sub-objectives.. 5

    1-5 Research questions.. 6

    6-1 Definition of concepts and terms.............................................. 6

    Self-Assessment Test of Mannequin Images (SAM) ........................................ 6

    1-6-1 Arousal.................................................................................. 7

    1-6-2 Pleasant................................................... 7

    1-6-3 Dominance................................................................. 7

    1-6-4 Words..................................................................  8

    1-6-5 News headlines..................................................  8

    1-6-6 Website................................................................. 8

    Chapter two.................................................................. 9

    Research background..................................................................   9

    2-1 Introduction.. 9

    2-2 Excitement...................................................................... 9

    2-3 Dimensions of emotion.................................................................. 10

    2-3-1 Arousal................................................................ 10

    2-3-2 Pleasant-unpleasant................................................................. 11

    2-3-3 Dominance................................................... 12

    2-4 Media and website.................................................. 12

    2-5 Words.................................................................. 13

    Chapter 3................................................................. 17

    Research method................................................................ 17

    Introduction................................................................. 17

    3-1 steps of project implementation................................................................. 17

    3-1-1 Type of study................................................. 17

    3-1-2 Study population and sample size................................................. 17

    Sample size................................................................. 17

    3-1-3 Criteria for entering the study................................................. 17

    3-2-3 Research tools................................................................. 18

    Questionnaire SAM.................................... 18

    3-1-4 place and time of research implementation................................................ 18

    3-4 method of information analysis (data).............................................. 19

    3-3 method of research implementation................................................ 19

    Chapter 4................................................................. 20

    Research findings.. 20

    Introduction.................................................. 21

    Table 4-1: News headlines on the subject of atomic energy................................................... 24

    Chapter five.................................................................. 76

    Discussion and conclusion.................................................................. 76

    5-1 Introduction................................................................. 76

    5-2 Interpretation of research findings................................................................. 76

    5-3- Limitations Research................................... 79

    5-4- Suggestions for future research.................................................. 80

    Resources..................................................................  81

    Appendix No. 1: Arousal, pleasantness and   81

    Appendix No. 1: Questionnaire of arousal, pleasantness and dominance of news words.   88

       Attachment number 2: Table of average arousal, pleasantness and dominance of words. 88

    Source:

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Studying the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the words used in common headlines of Persian language websites inside and outside the country and determining its relationship with the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the whole news title.