Comparison of dimensions of perfectionism, behavioral brain systems and resilience in coronary artery patients and normal people

Dissertation for Master Degree (M.A)

Tension: Clinical Psychology

Abstract:

The purpose of this research is to compare the dimensions of perfectionism, brain/behavioral system and resilience in coronary artery patients and normal people. For this purpose, 150 people with coronary heart disease and 150 healthy people with an average age of 44 years were selected as the sample group. 3 hospitals were randomly selected from Tehran hospitals. and from eligible people Frost's perfectionism, Carver White's BIS/BAS and Connor Davidson's resilience questionnaires were taken. In order to test the research hypotheses according to the test assumptions, binomial logistic regression and Yeoman-Whitney statistical values ??were used. The results showed that the dimensions of perfectionism and the behavioral activation/inhibition system in coronary heart patients are different from normal people. But resilience did not show any difference in these two groups. Also In the dimensions of perfectionism, the variables of doubt about actions, parents' expectations, and order and order have a positive and significant relationship with coronary heart disease. In the brain/behavioral system, behavioral inhibition and fun-seeking activation have a negative and significant relationship with the criterion variable, and fight and flight have a positive and significant relationship with the criterion variable. According to the research findings, perfectionism and the brain/behavioral system in coronary heart disease patients are different from normal people. Keywords: coronary artery disease; dimensions of perfectionism; behavioral inhibition system; behavioral activation system; resilience; 

Introduction

The biological-psycho-social model has integrated two biological-medical and psycho-social perspectives to explain disease and health. According to this model, biological factors can be genetic predisposition, food style, and biochemical imbalance, and psychological factors can be behaviors, people's personality, and finally social factors include family members, home environment, and events. It is a factor. The causes and factors affecting the occurrence of cardiovascular disease have been investigated in numerous medical and even psychological researches. However, in most medical researches, the emphasis has been on physiological aspects such as blood chemical characteristics (such as blood lipids), increased blood pressure, history of previous diseases (such as diabetes and thyroid, body mass index and obesity), and health behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption, diet, exercise and mobility).

Psychologists are trying to highlight the contribution of psychological components such as tension, stressful events, anxiety, depression, hope, type A behavior pattern, hostility, anger and the like.

This is while we are facing an upward trend of cardiovascular diseases in different societies today. Although Sarafino (2001) based on epidemiological research, coronary heart disease is a disease of advanced societies, because in these societies, on the one hand, there are more elderly people, and on the other hand, risk factors such as obesity, inactivity, and stress are observed in them.

However, such results can be found more or less in developing countries as well, so that in Iran, cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of death. and population mortality.

Naqvi (2012) has stated that among the major causes of death such as congenital factors, violence, infectious diseases, cancer, accidents and suicide, the cause of cardiovascular disease with 34.8% (33.1% in men and 37.5% in women) is the main cause of death in Iran, and after that, with a relatively large distance, accidents with 12% and cancer with It is 10.7%.

1-2 statement of the problem and research questions

Cardiovascular diseases are considered one of the psychosomatic disorders, this disease is the cause of one third of deaths and 15 million out of 50 million deaths in the world occur due to this disease every year. Studies have shown that in line with the relationship between stress and heart disease, various studies have shown that behavioral stress increases Arterial blood pressure and reduction of renal blood circulation become even a mild irritation or sudden anger and fear can permanently and temporarily affect the cardiovascular system (Wellman, 1375)

The coronary arteries of the heart, which are branches of the main aorta artery, bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscles.

1-2 statement of the problem and research questions

Cardiovascular diseases are considered one of the psychosomatic disorders, this disease is the cause of one third of deaths and 15 million people out of 50 million deaths in the world occur due to this disease every year. Studies have shown that in line with the relationship between stress and heart disease, various studies have shown that behavioral stress increases arterial blood pressure and decreases renal blood circulation. Even a mild irritation or sudden anger and fear can permanently and temporarily affect the cardiovascular system (Wellman, 2015).

The coronary arteries of the heart, which are branches of the main aorta artery, bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscles. In coronary artery disease, one or more of the coronary arteries become narrow. Rosenman started extensive efforts regarding the effect of personality on heart diseases. Which finally led to the discovery of personality type A. These two believed that the main cause of heart disease is personality type A. This type has characteristics such as competitiveness, urgency of time, struggle for progress, and intellectual preoccupation with the aim of hastening anxiety. According to them, such behavior gradually leads to heart disease in these people. Heart disease is correlated with high levels of these reactions and chronic hostility.

One of the psychological issues and concepts that disturbs the functioning of a person in the social, psychological, physical or physiological realm is stress.

Stress is usually used to describe reactions and negative emotions that are associated with challenging or threatening situations. Sometimes the same threatening situations are called stress.

"Stress is a state that expresses a certain syndrome that corresponds to all the uncertain changes that affect the biological system."

Also, research has shown that acute stress increases immune activity and chronic stress inhibits the body's immune activity.

Generally, stress has four negative effects on the body's immune system, all of which have important consequences for health:

1) Stress weakens cytokine production and also weakens the body's immune function.

2) Stress causes the reactivation of latent viruses.

3) Stress causes vulnerability to viral infections.

4) Stress has a negative effect on wound healing and prolongs the healing process.

Immune response to stress depends on both the type and psychological and physiological factors.

Psycho-social factors that are the most has attracted attention, including stress and emotional behaviors such as anger and hostility.

There is evidence that a certain psychological personality type is prone to heart disease and hypertension, but it is possible that people are genetically predisposed to have more cardiovascular responses.

Harmful psychological stimuli, stress, acute anxiety, hatred and anger can increase sodium secretion in the kidney and as a result cardiovascular dysfunction.

Stress increases the secretion of catecholamines and corticosteroids from the endocrine glands, and high levels of these hormones in the long term may damage arteries and the heart. Nevertheless, despite the many definitions presented, most researchers believe that perfectionism represents a personality variable with cognitive and behavioral characteristics and a form of psychopathology defined by high personal criteria such as extreme self-criticism (Mansoori, Adalatzadeh, Bakhshipour Rudsari, 2018). and Curtis[1], 2009).

Recent efforts to identify the relationship between perfectionism and other cognitive factors such as behavioral inhibition of approach

systems have focused on a neurological model of goal setting (Randell[2] et al., 2010).

Gray (2000) introduces three brain-behavioral systems in his theory, these systems are: inhibition system behavioral [3], behavioral activation system [4], fight and flight system [5].

On the other hand, the dominance of each of the systems in a person leads to different emotional states such as anxiety, irritability, and fear and provokes different reactions.

.Gray[6] and McNaughton[7] believe that the sensitivity of the behavioral inhibition system predicts the negative emotional stress of a person in stressful situations regardless of the nature of the stressors. and behavioral inhibition seems to be a predictor of passive and weak coping.

Many studies have shown the relationship of this system with negative emotions. The results of the studies of Gray, McNathan, Sharon and Chobdar have linked the activity of the behavioral inhibition system with heart disease and they consider this relationship to be caused by the production of negative emotions and the activity of the sympathetic system.