Comparison of personality characteristics of delinquent and non-delinquent people

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.)

Trend: General

Comparison of the personality characteristics of delinquent and non-delinquent individuals

Abstract:

This research was carried out with the aim of comparing the personality characteristics of delinquent and non-delinquent people in Mahshahr city.

Method: This research is a causal descriptive research- It was a comparison. The statistical population of this research included a group of delinquent and non-delinquent people of Mahshahr city, whose number was reported to be around 420 people. From this number, 220 people were selected as a sample using the Georgesi and Morgan table with available sampling.

Research tool: The research tool included the Eyseng Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) which has adequate validity and reliability. The findings of this research showed that delinquent people have a higher score on the extraversion scale and non-delinquent people in other components (psychoticism, psychopathy, crime). Joy, addiction) scored lower. Also, there is a significant difference between the personality traits of delinquents and non-delinquents.

Key words: personality traits, delinquent, non-delinquent, Mahshahr

Introduction:

The human force of any society is the fundamental capital of that society, and the remains of any society and its status are more than anything stable on its human force, and the level of interest of the officials of each country towards the society (present and future) shows the level of attention And their payment to the human force (youth) and trying to make them benefit from a healthy and desirable life can be easily understood (Shaarinejad, 1374).

It can almost be said that no society is free of criminals and their number and the type of crime are different in different societies. As a result, the society has set a name and a phrase for them to identify them and it has gradually become a "hot stigma". What these teenagers have in common with each other is in defiance of the traditions and rules and regulations that the world of adults accept and act on them (Quaras, William C[1], 1992).

Crime is a global social phenomenon that is usually used for the crimes of teenagers under 18 years of age. Although different societies face different types of it according to their economic and social status. In all human societies, the term delinquency is used for people who commit illegal or religious acts in that society. Considering that the rulings are different in different societies; A person who commits a crime in one society may be a perpetrator of crime in another society (Sotoudeh, 1378: 126). In countries, crime refers to the whole set of crimes that, if committed, result in punishments such as retribution, diat, hudaud and tazirat. Every day, many crimes happen around us, and we learn about all kinds of crimes by looking at the pages of the newspapers: stabbing, drinking and wounding, theft, rape, etc. When we cross the street, we see organizations such as the correctional center, the police force, and the courts that were created to punish such people. But have we ever thought about what factors are effective in the occurrence of delinquency? The complexity of the effective factors in the delinquency phenomenon has caused each group of researchers to examine it from a specific point of view. Psychologists and psychiatrists from a psychological point of view, lawyers from the point of view of criminology and criminal issues, doctors and biologists from the point of view of biological factors, and finally sociologists from the point of view of social pathology (the publication of the first report on a special court for teenagers, 1899). Many efforts have been made to understand human personality since long ago, some of them are impractical, some are superstitions, and few others are scientific and valid.

Various factors affect a person's personality, whose influence is subject to other factors as well, such as: job, education, housing, diseases, etc. However, personality is not the only unique factor in relation to committing a crime, and it is only considered as a closed and underlying factor. that the environment and external factors weigh on them to commit crimes.

In his classification, Hippocrates considers bilious temperaments to be prone to criminal acts.. A bilious temper or a fiery temper, his slender limbs and body skin are usually olive-colored, hot and dry, which is the result of the predominance of yellow bile; rapid breathing and intermittent movements; He sleeps little and has nightmares; In terms of morals, he is hot-tempered, quick-tempered, ambitious, superior, jealous, and steadfast, and it was believed that a fiery-tempered person is more ready to commit crimes than others (Kaviani, 2006).

Various theories have been presented about the character of criminals throughout history, especially in the contemporary era. One of the theories of the contemporary era is Jean Peniatel's theory. He believes that the nature of criminals is no different from others and that all people have a central core of criminal personality, which has four aspects of self-centeredness, instability, aggression and indifference, which can be seen in criminals, indifference to blame and blame, indifference to the certainty of punishment, inattention to the pain and suffering of the victim, and the ugliness of committing a crime (Kasan[2], 2015).

One of the most important areas of study in The field of science is the study of the social deviations of the "blame" crime. At the same time with the progress that humans have achieved in various sciences and also considering the huge changes and transformations of societies, especially the development of industrialization, changes in lifestyles, transformations in the construction of social institutions and the duties and functions of these institutions, all of them caused the emergence of social problems and provided the ground for conducting various researches (Kaldi, 2017). In the field of social deviations, especially in the field of crime, views and theories Many have been proposed, which include: biological, psychological, and sociological.

Biological theories study the origins of deviance in people and other issues surrounding the basis of deviant behavior. Theorists in this field believe that the cause of deviant behavior is biological, Cesar Lembroso[3] believed that based on the observations of the characteristics of the human body, deviations can be recognized in the earlier stages of human development.

In a much better way And more modern research related to human genetics with deviations and committing crimes can refer to the cases of people who have an extra Y chromosome (xxy syndrome) and the causes of anti-social behavior or in other words, the prevalence of crime in these people. In the theory of psychologists, this problem can be seen that it is possible to address Freud's theory, which believed that deviant behavior, or in other words, the prevalence of crime, occurs in people who have an imbalance between the entity "I" and "Forman" (Kaldi, 2007). It has been desired in the last few decades. Abnormalities of the electrical activity pattern of the brain have been observed in these people in two ways: one is the presence of slow brain waves, which indicates that their brain waves are similar to children's brain waves and indicates brain underdevelopment. The second abnormality is the presence of spikes in the brain waves of criminals. The presence of these spikes is related to aggressive and impulsive behavior in such a way that in most people who commit aggressive acts, these spikes are evident and these people do not express guilt or concern about their actions (Rosenhan and Seligman, 1989). Paying attention to these findings raises the possibility that the cerebral cortex in delinquent people is underdeveloped. It is not favorable, therefore, it is expected that with the development of the cerebral cortex, the behavior will show that the cerebral cortex in delinquent people does not have a favorable growth, so it is expected that it will decrease with the development of their anti-social behavior.

Although the results of some researches show a relative improvement in delinquent people between the ages of 30 and 40, it is not possible to observe the pattern of brain development in a large number of delinquents, but on the other hand The presence of spikes in the electrical waveform patterns of the brain indicates the dysfunction of the lateral brain system (the device responsible for controlling emotion and motivation). It seems that the inability of the delinquent to avoid certain behaviors and to give up pleasures is similar to the inability of animals that have been damaged in the parietal region of the brain in experimental studies (Newman and Grenschein, 1980).

Personal characteristics of the factors Cognitive factors are important in the tendency to risky behaviors, including smoking, alcohol, drugs, and unsafe sexual activities. From the psychological point of view, substance abusers have a vulnerable personality trait. The personality traits of drug addicts are not just caused by drugs; But before the addiction, the addicts had many psychological and personality deficiencies, which appeared and intensified in a more destructive way after the addiction.