The relationship between parents' parenting style and emotional intelligence and aggression in adolescent girls

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree

Clinical Orientation Psychology Department

Persian Summary

Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between parents' parenting style and emotional intelligence and aggression in adolescent girls. Method: The research method is correlational, and its statistical population was 582 female secondary school students in Siahkol city in the academic year 2013-2014, of which 234 were randomly selected and answered questionnaires on parental parenting methods, emotional intelligence, and aggression. The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson analysis and multivariate regression with SPSS software. Findings: The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between parenting style of parents with emotional intelligence and aggression in adolescent girls with confidence of 0.99 and error level smaller than 0.01. Also, with 0.99 confidence and an error level smaller than 0.01, there is a relationship between parental parenting style and emotional intelligence in adolescent girls, and with 0.99 confidence and an error level smaller than 0.01, there is a relationship between parental parenting style and aggression in adolescent girls.

Key words: parental parenting style, emotional intelligence, aggression Islamic texts on parenting styles [1] is a complex activity including behaviors, training, interactions and methods that affect spiritual and emotional growth in individual and social dimensions separately and in interaction with each other. From the point of view of Islam, the responsibility of raising a child during childhood rests with the parents as it is one of the rights of the children. Imam Sadiq (a.s.) considers three rights necessary for a father, one of which is seriousness in his upbringing. He says: A son has three rights over his father; Choosing the right spouse for him, giving him a good name and seriousness in raising a child (Birami, Bahadri and Khosrowshahi, 2009).

Historically, schools have always focused on children's education, strengthening their skills in reading, writing and arithmetic, but today, education specialists have realized that the challenges of the new era and the current demands of society require additional skills in the field of emotional awareness, decision-making, social conflict and conflict resolution. (Nikogovtar, 1388). We have heard the term aggression[2] many times, but when we want to analyze or define it, it is very difficult and this term seems vague, mass killings, individual murders, rape, discrimination, depriving of basic rights, all show the ugly and violent face of humans towards their fellows (Kirimi, 2006). Research results have shown that aggression is one of the important indicators of some mental disorders such as conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Aggressive behavior is also related to physical diseases such as cardiovascular disease and tension headaches. In addition, other research shows that aggressive people are different from others in terms of their way of thinking, they offer less positive strategies than other people, they are more confident that the aggressive strategy is more adaptive and they judge that aggressive strategies cause less harm (Arafi and Razavieh, 2018). It is known to increase among teenagers and young adults. Currently, aggression is considered a social issue and one of the basic issues of mental health [3]. Observation of the surrounding world shows that this behavior problem is seen among all types of living beings, socio-economic classes and different age stages. Issues related to anger, such as confrontational behaviors, hostility and aggression, are among the main reasons for adolescents and young people to refer to counseling and psychotherapy centers (Sukhdolski et al.[4], 2008). In addition to causing interpersonal problems and crimes and violating the rights of others, failure to control aggressive behavior may cause internalization [5] and cause a variety of physical and psychological problems such as stomach ulcers, migraine headaches, and depression (Nicholson [6], 2013).

Although humans are faced with various issues in different areas, however, general principles can be considered that are applicable to almost any type of issues. It includes a complex set of cognitive, behavioral and attitudinal components and multi-stage processes. Emotional intelligence[7] is a type of emotional information processing that includes correct evaluation, appropriate expression and adaptive regulation of emotion.Also, emotional intelligence is widely defined as the capacity to understand and control one's own and others' emotions.

The theory of emotional intelligence provides a new perspective on the prediction of factors affecting success as well as the primary prevention of mental disorders. Considering that aggression is a type of emotion and one of the components of emotional intelligence is emotion management, it seems that by using emotional intelligence training and using parenting styles, aggression can be curbed in people. The relationship between emotional intelligence and better and more successful performance in stressful environments with psychosocial pressure has been shown. This research also seeks to study the parenting style of parents and emotional intelligence with aggression among adolescent girls.

1-2- Statement of the problem

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders[8] mentions aggression and incompatibility in interpersonal relationships as the prominent characteristics of conduct disorder in children, which creates various interpersonal, behavioral and emotional behavioral problems for these children and their families. Social psychologists define aggression as intentionally harming others and violence as an intentional act to physically harm others (Farjad and Mohammadi Asl, 2017). Delocchio and Olive[9] (2005) define aggression as observable behavior with the intention of harming others. Antisocial and aggressive behaviors are among the most common reasons for children and adolescents to be referred to mental health clinics. In addition to causing interpersonal problems and crime, failure to control aggressive behavior also leads to internalization and causes all kinds of physical and mental problems, such as stomach ulcers, headaches and depression. Matson [10] (2007) believes that severe types of behavioral problems can be very dangerous. harm personal growth, reduce opportunities for learning and adaptive behavior, and ultimately affect the quality of personal life. Aggressive childhood behavior can be used as a predictive factor for delinquency, substance abuse, depression, academic failure and so on. be Evidence shows that childhood antisocial behavior is related to adult disabilities (cited by Dunn and Fait[11], 2010).

Theoretical perspectives consider various factors to be effective in the occurrence of aggressive behaviors. Fabian[12] (2010) considers the relationship between neurological and neuropsychological disorders, and aggression and violence worthy of attention. McAndrew [13] (2009) considers the role and amount of hormones to be effective in the occurrence of aggressive behaviors. According to Dangjuso et al.[14] (2008), inappropriate interactions between serotonin and dopamine systems in the frontal cortex are likely to be an important mechanism underlying the relationship between impulsive aggression and subsequent disorders. The perspective of social learning considers various factors such as a person's past experiences, the rewards that people receive from past or present experiences, and the observation of others' behavior in the occurrence of aggression (cited by Richardson and Hamog[15], 2007).

Emotional intelligence[16] is the latest and most recent development in the field of understanding the relationship between reasoning and emotion. Despite the views, a realistic view of human nature shows that humans depend on the consistent functioning of emotional and logical capabilities for adaptation and challenges in life. Sometimes researchers claim that self-awareness and inner life are marked by emotional experiences, so emotional intelligence can be related to many emotional problems that are rooted in interpersonal and intrapersonal experiences (Austin et al. [17], 2005). In this research, the question is whether parents' parenting style and emotional intelligence are related to aggression among teenage girls?

1-3- The importance and necessity of research

The family as the first social center has various factors, one of the factors influencing the development of children, especially their psychological development, is how parents educate within the framework of the family. The educational method of parents is effective in the development of personality as well as their adaptation to different social situations. Good relationships between parents and children have a great impact on children's mental health. The relationship between parents and children is one of the important issues that has attracted the attention of experts and education experts for years. In Islamic texts, parenting is a complex activity that includes behaviors, training, interactions and methods that affect spiritual and emotional growth in individual and social dimensions separately and in interaction with each other.