Investigating the relationship between self-esteem and creativity with prejudice in Islamic Azad University students, Bandar Jask branch

Master's thesis in the field of psychology ((M.A

Trend: general

Abstract:

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between self-esteem and morality and prejudice in students of Bandarjask Islamic Azad University. The research method is correlational. The sampling method of this research is cluster sampling. The sample size of this research is 290 people who were selected from among students with different academic fields. The measurement tool of this research is self-esteem questionnaire. Cooper Smith's (58 questions) questionnaire was used to investigate research hypotheses, and Pearson's t test showed that there is a significant relationship between creativity and prejudice. There is a significant relationship between self-esteem and prejudice in students

Introduction

One of the human vices is undue prejudice and irrational dependence on something that prevents a person from understanding the truth and preferring it over wrong. Unjust prejudices have caused many problems throughout human history. Obstacle to the guidance of prophets, unjust and prolonged conflicts, and favoring a few people unjustly and without merit, are all rooted in unjust prejudices. Even today in the world, bigotry causes conflicts, deprivation of freedoms and misplaced self-centeredness. Ignorant bigotry makes people blind and deaf, prevents them from seeing the truth and accepting it anywhere and at any time (Hosseini, 2016, p. 47). It doesn't take superhuman genius to avoid the misplaced bigotry and stupid ideas that usually plague mankind. Rather, by observing some points, one can avoid many ridiculous mistakes, but not all mistakes (Russell[1], 1950, translated by Yusufzadeh, 1378, p. 56). It seems that factors such as self-esteem and creativity can be useful to avoid undue prejudice.

Self-esteem is affected by internal and external factors. Internal factors mean factors that originate from within or are created by the person himself, including opinions, beliefs, and actions or behavior. External factors are the same as environmental factors. The messages that are transmitted verbally and non-verbally and the experiences that parents, teachers, important people in life and cultural organizers are the founders of. Unpleasant traits such as bragging, boasting, superiority, self-conceit, ambition, bullying, harming others, etc., somehow show a lack of self-esteem (Khorand, 2013, p. 162). Throughout his life, man has never been free from thinking and has made decisions with the power of correct thinking, he has been able to solve problems and problems and achieve growth and excellence. In this way, all the successes and progress of man depend on his fertile, dynamic and effective thinking. One of the most complex and excellent manifestations of human thought is creative thinking. Creativity is the creation of a new valuable and appropriate design, in other words, creativity is the use of mental abilities to create a new thought or concept. Creativity has constituent elements such as: the domain of skills, creative thinking skills and motivation. For the emergence and strengthening of creativity in people, the meeting point of these three elements must be determined, because this meeting point is a powerful combination that leads a person to creativity. The growth and development of creativity depends on various individual and social factors, such as: intelligence, family, personality traits and so on. . . (Khorshidi, Azadbakht and Dilmaghani, 2015). Now, due to the existence of all kinds of prejudices (ethnic, religious, sexual, etc.), especially in Hormozgan province, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between self-esteem and creativity with prejudice in the students of Jask Islamic Azad University. 1-2 statement of the problem Prejudice[2] literally means favoring, supporting and being strict (Moin, 1362, p. 11). Prejudice in psychology and its related fields is equivalent to prejudice and it means a negative and hostile attitude towards a particular person or group that is formed based on incomplete or incorrect information without having direct experience about that person or group, and is judged based on it (Salabi, 1382, p. 259).

But in general, prejudice can be defined as follows: Prejudice means taking a position before obtaining sufficient information that may be related to a thing, opinion, or person.

But in general, prejudice can be defined as follows: prejudice means taking a position before obtaining sufficient information that may be related to a certain thing, opinion, or person, or even about an aspect of a scientific work (Kaplan and Sadok, 1996, translation of Purafkari, 1372). He does not allow the content of new knowledge and awareness to engage and interact with the content of his previous knowledge and awareness. According to Piaget, the mind reconstructs, reinterprets and reinterprets the information received from the outside world to make it consistent with its internal framework. Stating this important issue makes us familiar with the most important mistake of a bigoted person; Such people do not allow such an interpretation in their mind and try to stop it; Of course, as mentioned, they may only show such behavior in a specific context (Flavel[3], 1928, Maher translation, 1377, p. 19). lose control of the situation and conditions and can no longer dominate the new situation. Even though they don't have experience and accurate knowledge of a specific issue, they oppose it as soon as they hear it from the other person; An opposition not out of awareness, but simply because it does not fit with their personal structures (Ross[4], 1992, translated by Jamalfar, 1373, p. 160).

Therefore, bigotry is a belief or behavior that is carried out with unquestionable heat, especially for religious purposes or in some sports, or with obsessive enthusiasm for fun or entertainment. George Santayana has defined prejudice as follows: redoubling your efforts when you have forgotten the goal (Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia, 2013).

Prejudice is a tendency and this tendency is related to various factors (Eronson [5], 2008, Shekarkan translation, 2012, p. 340). Self-esteem is one of the factors that may play a role in preventing the occurrence of this behavior or is somehow related to this variable (Roman, 2008).

Self-esteem[6] is an aspect of self-concept that comes from the judgments that a person makes about his own worth and the feelings associated with these judgments (Shihian[7], 1964, translated by Mehdi Ganji, 2010). Self-esteem is a construct that refers to how a person evaluates himself and measures his sense of self-worth compared to how he is and how he wishes to be. Positive self-evaluation expressed in the form of self-esteem is necessary for positive mental well-being. Self-esteem acts as a shield and protector against psychological inconsistency and causes a person to evaluate life positively (Zang [8], 2005, William James [9] 1980), self-esteem is defined as a feeling of self-worth that is obtained from the ratio of real successes to claimed successes. What he means by claimed success is the estimate of potential success that we become aware of through our values, trials and aspirations (Karr [10], 2004; translated by Pasha Sharifi and Najafi Zand, 2015). The feeling of helplessness and being discriminated against leads to a decrease in self-esteem of people (Aronson, 2008, translated by Shekarkan, 2017). In a research conducted by Sherman Vejfari [11] (2011), on 57 students. The results showed that low self-esteem can increase racial prejudice and racial prejudice is the result of low self-esteem. Also, in a research conducted by Jordan, Spencer Vazana [12] (2005), from the University of Waterloo, the results showed that people with high self-esteem have more ethnic prejudice and discrimination than people with low self-esteem and use it as a defensive technique. Also, Baumeister et al. [13] (2003), in a part of their research, showed that high self-esteem may increase prejudice and discrimination. On the other hand, research conducted on psychopathology indicates that the cause of many harmful behaviors of children at home and school, such as aggression, anxiety, delinquency, smoking, academic failure, and similar issues, is rooted in the lack or weakness of their "self-esteem". In fact, the higher a person's self-confidence and self-esteem, the higher his position and efficiency, and he will be immune from psycho-social harms (Biyabangord, 1372).

On the other hand, creativity [14] is also one of the factors affecting prejudice, which is a mental process that leads to problem solving, ideation, conceptualization, creation of artistic forms and theorizing that is original and unique (Haerizadeh, 1381). In general, creativity is an intellectual and psychological process, and the product of creativity is a new phenomenon and at the same time has value. Of course, creativity is a general ability and exists more or less in all people (Soleimani, 2014).