Investigating the relationship between religious orientation and marital conflicts and communication patterns among couples

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (General)

Abstract

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between religious orientation and marital conflicts and communication patterns among couples in Bandar Abbas city in 2012. The research method of the present study is a descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this research includes all couples in Bandar Abbas city. The research sample was calculated using Cochran's formula, the number of 300 people. The sampling method in this research is available in the form of sampling. The data collection method in the current research was field and the tools used were questionnaires of religious orientation (Allport), marital conflicts (MCQ) and communication patterns (CPQ). To analyze the information of the collected questionnaires, two categories of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used, the results of which are as follows: there is a relationship between religious orientation and marital conflicts among couples, and the components of religious orientation can together explain approximately 32.6% of the variance of marital conflicts. There is a relationship between religious orientation and communication patterns among couples, and the components of religious orientation together can explain approximately 31.1% of the variance of communication patterns. There is a relationship between communication patterns and marital conflicts among couples, and the components of communication patterns can together explain approximately 50.1% of the variance of marital conflicts.

Keywords: religious orientation, communication patterns and marital conflicts.

The importance of spirituality and spiritual growth in humans has increasingly attracted the attention of psychologists and mental health professionals in the past few decades. has done The progress of psychological science on one hand and the dynamic and complex nature of modern societies on the other hand, has caused the spiritual needs of human beings to rise and become more important in front of material demands and needs. So that the World Health Organization refers to the physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions in the definition of the dimensions of human being, and also mentions the fourth dimension, the spiritual dimension, in human growth and development. However, despite the increasing emphasis of scientists on the spiritual dimension of human development, a single definition that includes the entirety of spirituality has not yet been presented (Yacoubi, 2007, p. 93).

Religion can affect all aspects of human life, including marital relationships. As Glynn[1] and Poz[2] have shown in a research in 1978, people who live together for a long time consider religion as the most important factor in marriage satisfaction (Ghabari Bonab, 2010, p. 27). Religious beliefs and religious strictures affect all aspects of human life, including family relationships, so that religious beliefs play an important role in both the emergence and resolution of marital disputes (Fathi Ashtiani and Arabnia, 2015). This is completely normal and indicates the need for change and evolution. Disagreements can be planned in advance and prepared for. After that, it can be used to reach agreements. It's much easier to be prepared for a difference than to be completely overwhelmed by it and then want to take advantage of it. Differences are a natural part of any relationship and most of the time it is not a sign that the relationship is over. Marital differences should be welcomed because it is a sign of striving for a better and more evolved relationship and a way to deepen mutual understanding. Avoiding conflict in your marriage does not change the fact that there is an issue in your marriage that needs to be addressed. The differences that arise are the reason why husband and wife should spend more time together. Otherwise, more distance will be created between them and they will be further away from each other. Differences lead to the rediscovery of important values ??and help the husband and wife reunite for a common goal (Barker [3], 1990; Dehghani and Dehghani translation, 1377, p. 121).

When there is a difference in married life, the parties may find that it is time to abandon their current roles and change the expectations they have from the other party. to give Disagreement usually indicates that the couple has outgrown their old ways of being together and must constantly re-program and revitalize their relationship. Listening, speaking, communicating, problem solving, joint decision-making, etc.These are necessary for communication between husband and wife. A relationship without communication skills and allocating useful time to talk about common issues will quickly get into trouble and lead to failure (Barker, 1990; translated by Dehghani and Dehghani, 1377, p. 121).

On the other hand, studies show that there is a relationship between religious adherence and couples' communication patterns, and through religious adherence, couples' communication patterns can be predicted and, possibly, by changing it, communication patterns also changed (Thanagui et al., 1390, p. 150).

One of the most important human characteristics is the ability to form interpersonal relationships and maintain them. These relationships are important for each of us in order to maintain the survival of reproduction, love, job and so on. . . . It is absolutely essential and takes many forms. Friendships, communication patterns, and feeling satisfied with the relationship are topics that focus on interpersonal behaviors from both the social and psychological aspects, and are the main topics that start from childhood. Since friendships, communication patterns and a sense of satisfaction from the relationship exist in most relationships and can have a great impact on people. The negative effect of this problem can affect the growth process of the individual, from the events that occur in childhood to the experiences that lighten in relation to people in adulthood (Raisi, 2013).

Since couples' emotional patterns and marital conflicts are influenced by many factors, and on the other hand, religious orientation and spirituality have a great impact on the individual and the individual's relationships with others, so this research aims to investigate the relationship between orientation Religious analysis was done with marital conflicts and communication patterns between couples. 1-2- Statement of the problem: It is one of the important social institutions, which, in terms of its importance, role and various functions, is the subject of attention of religious, ethical and educational scholars. Education, sociology and psychology have been established, the institution is the family (Biyabangerd, 2011). Marriage is a divine tradition and a natural human need. Humans have been married since the beginning of creation to form a family and survive. Marriage in different ethnic groups and religions has certain types and regulations (Mueller[4] and Yang[5], 2001). Despite their differences, all studies show that the prevalence of incompatibility is increasing in different ways; Although in our country the intensity of marital problems is not as high as in some other countries; However, the occurrence of various conflicts, problems and dissatisfactions in this area cannot be ignored (Vaqi et al. 2018).

Conflict occurs when the actions of one person interfere with the actions of another person, as two people get closer to each other, the force of conflict increases (Kiuching [6], 1996, p. 257). Gutman [7] (1994), believes that "conflict leads to a downward spiral". Couples who reported higher marital quality believed that the other party's negative behavior had a situational cause and took place under certain conditions. The couples who reported a lower quality of marriage believed that the negative behavior of the other party is general and stable and is part of their personality characteristics, and this factor leads to a negative view of the quality of marriage (Dibachi Forushani, Emamipour and Mahmoudi, 2018, p. 91).

Friendly relationships, communication patterns and feeling of satisfaction in the relationship are issues that are focused on interpersonal behaviors from both the social and psychological aspects and are the main issues. which start from childhood (Cutler et al.[8], 2009). Wiley [9] (2000), believes that spouses establish sets of communication patterns among themselves and problematic behaviors are simply the implementation of those patterns. Communication patterns considered by Wiley are: "reciprocal isolation, mutual blame and expectation/isolation". Over the years of research in the field of interpersonal communication, several models have been presented that show the nature and working method of communication.

Effective communication causes the flourishing of human identity and perfection and the primary basis of his bond with others and improves the quality of people's relationships, while ineffective communication hinders human flourishing and destroys relationships. Therefore, the basis of human life and happiness is these interpersonal relationships. The pleasant communication of couples allows them to discuss and exchange opinions with each other (Dibaji Forushani et al., 2008, p. 90).