The relationship between irrational beliefs and negative spontaneous thoughts with the tendency to risky behaviors in female students

Psychology - General

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree

Abstract

Risk behavior is behavior that exposes a person to bad or unpleasant consequences. The purpose of this research is to determine and measure the relationship between illogical beliefs and negative spontaneous thoughts with a tendency to risky behaviors in female students. Based on the nature and method, the current research is a descriptive research [1] of the correlation type. The statistical population of the research includes all female students of second year high school in Rasht city. The statistical sample was selected by random cluster sampling. And 234 people were selected as a statistical sample. In this research, the field method, questionnaire, was used. And data analysis was done by SPSS20 software. For data analysis, the test of research assumptions was used to determine the relationship between predictor variables (illogical beliefs and negative spontaneous thoughts) with the criterion variable (tendency to risky behaviors) from multivariable regression analysis. It is statistically significant between illogical beliefs and negative spontaneous thoughts with a tendency towards risky behaviors in female students (p<0.01).  There is a positive correlation (r=0.30) between illogical beliefs and tendency to high-risk behaviors in female students, which is statistically significant (P<0.01). There is a positive correlation (r=0.44) between negative spontaneous thoughts and tendency to risky behaviors in female students, which is statistically significant (P<0.01). The results of this study showed that both irrational beliefs and negative spontaneous thoughts played a positive role in the emergence of high-risk behaviors among teenagers. In order to plan preventive interventions in the field of reducing high-risk behaviors of teenagers, irrational beliefs and negative spontaneous thoughts should be prioritized in the programs.

Key words: high-risk behavior, irrational beliefs, negative spontaneous thoughts. Today, risky behaviors, especially among young people, have become one of the most important and widespread concerns of human societies, and despite the activities of the past three decades, risky behaviors have escalated globally. The reason for the growth may be that the developing countries of the world have yet to reach this result that they need to have endless energy and ambition for their youth. and create real opportunities for young people (Aminipour and Ameri, 1376). In Iran, about 13% of third grade students in schools in the country are at risk of drugs, and based on a survey of students in these schools across the country by the Social Harm Prevention Office According to the Ministry of Education and Culture, 5% of the students of this elementary school have used drugs. 13.3% of them are at risk of using drugs, 35% of them are at risk of smoking, 71.8% of them are at risk of smoking (Kirimi et al., 2013). Therefore, it is necessary that there is harmony between health programs in the form of a comprehensive support policy and the education of healthy behaviors to influence students. Therefore, changing people's health behaviors requires their knowledge and awareness, in this direction, school health educators mostly deal with young people and families, and they can make a very important contribution in raising the awareness of others. Therefore, increasing their level of awareness and continuous education is important. therefore; Since the level of vulnerability of teenagers and young people is higher compared to other age groups, there is a greater tendency towards this type of behavior. Every country wants to reduce social damage, and to realize and achieve this goal, it is necessary to know the effective factors of its creation in the whole society. Today, researchers consider social capital to be one of the factors that make the context and are effective in social health and risk reduction in society (Karen [1], 2007). Soth, 1995, youths are more exposed to drug use than other social groups due to the identity crisis, the Iranian crisis, social problems, adventure, pleasure-seeking, and diversity. The youths are living in periods of transformation, in which rapid changes in lifestyle, behavior, cognition, and emotions are among their prominent features. This drastic change imposes pressures on the youth. Some of these pressures are caused by physical changes (such as hormones, sudden changes in body parts and physical appearance) and others are caused by social/cultural factors.Some of these pressures are caused by physical changes (such as hormones, sudden changes in body parts and physical appearance) and others are caused by social/cultural factors (including pressure from the school to smoke, family relocation, change of school, conflict and conflict between parents, and pressure from the family to progress in school, attachment to groups outside the family). , it causes aggression and delinquency in those habits and the use of substances starts to increase (Zergro et al., 2013). Being prone to behaviors such as smoking, drug use, alcohol, unsafe driving, sexual activity, and speaking while talking increases the possibility of negative physical, psychological, and social consequences for a person. In addition, risk-taking refers to those who engage in high-risk behaviors, to be vulnerable and vulnerable to risk in the environment, as well as tendencies, tendencies, and false beliefs that threaten the individual about risky behaviors (Mohammadizadeh and Ahmadabadi, 2017). Risky behaviors in terms of injuries and damages that are unacceptable for education, psychological, medical, social, legal, health and economic, such as dropping out of school, failure to study and work (Gijsor 1992), academic stagnation, more spread of substance use (Rahimimogh, 2014), the risk of engaging in unusual and risky sexual behaviors and increasing the probability of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, especially AIDS. Boyd, Makkabo-Arsi [2], 2003, Marcoizo Galban [3], 2004) and the time and financial costs of behavior change measures (Solimaninia, et al., 2014) are significant. The theorists of psychology, sociology and health have proposed several factors for the vulnerability of young people. A group of personality traits (Hawkins and Wise [4], 1985), a group of observational learning (Bandour [5]a, 1986) and a group of other cognitions and beliefs have been proposed as predisposing and revealing factors of risk acceptance (Shepard et al. [6], 2004).

George Kelly [7] (1955) He believes that beliefs are laws by which a person interprets his own experiences, according to Delos [8] (1991). Believing is the truth that guides us to react in a certain way to life. Each person has a set of general thoughts that are central ideas called fundamental beliefs. Usually, these beliefs are always aware and reveal how each person reacts to life. When a reality manifests itself as a thought system, what a person consciously thinks depends on the fundamental beliefs that are used semi-consciously about that reality. That certain truths have meaning for people depends on the individual's beliefs (according to Fargat [9], 2002). Evaluation of people in situations of confrontation in life, including stress, are interdependent with the person's cognitive system and its appropriateness with their logical behaviors. Based on this, many problems can be considered as the birth of irrational beliefs and meaningless fantasies of humans (Man-Dick et al. [10], 2010). But logical beliefs in the long run and with more awareness will make you feel better and show you more specific goals in life (Firouz Bakht, 2012). Irrational beliefs also have a great impact on the etiology of injuries, including depression (Man-Dick et al., 2010). As long as irrational thinking continues, emotional disorders will remain strong. A person who makes himself a prisoner and trapped by his irrational thoughts probably puts himself in a state of feeling anger, resistance, hostility, defense, guilt, anxiety, laxity and excessive laxity, lack of control and necessity (Taghipour, 2017). According to Eliasal, emotional comforts are caused by the way we interpret the world. Irrational points of view lead to automatic negative thoughts against themselves. As a result, it has an adverse effect on our behavior, making it difficult for us to cope with the problem (Benson and Stewart, translated by Karache Daghi, 2013). Negative self-thoughts are a mental quality that affects a person's ability to deal with life experiences and distorts his or her coordination and produces disproportionate reactions.  Negative automatic thoughts are a part of life and have become a part of it, that is why they are called automatic thoughts or automatic negative thoughts, because they flow in the mind of a person without the will of a person and without being asked, and the person has the least doubt about their truth and external existence (Abdizarino et al., 2017). Researches confirm the patterns of people's thoughts, cognitions and beliefs about risky behavior, but these researches are very limited and less variables such as automatic thoughts and irrational beliefs have been examined in these behaviors. On the other hand, today, the pattern of identity, beliefs, and beliefs in the formation of behavior and response to environmental problems have been taken into consideration. Therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of determining the relationship between irrational beliefs and negative self-concepts with a tendency to risky behaviors in teenagers. Importance and necessity of research. Teens are also universal spiritual capital, and their mental and physical health guarantees the health of society in the future. Therefore, their issues are among the issues that should be given special attention. Risky and criminal behavior are known manifestations of anti-social behavior and are considered as one of the important categories in the field of youth issues. In today's society, high-risk behavior is a problem that has an adverse effect on the lives of individuals and families, and causes many social disorders.