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Examining the translation problems in the poems of Maalakat and Saalik

Number of pages: 71 File Format: word File Code: 30158
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Literature - Persian Language
Tags/Keywords: Translation
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  • Summary of Examining the translation problems in the poems of Maalakat and Saalik

    Master's Thesis in Arabic Language and Literature

    Abstract

    Translation is one of the ways of transferring human heritage between nations because people are able to overcome linguistic and cultural barriers through it. Knowing the intellectual and artistic achievements of nations and understanding the literary heritage that has been remembered in the form of poetry and prose depends to a large extent on the translation of their texts. Therefore, in order to get familiar with the literary works of Arab-speaking nations and to transfer them to Iranian literature, one should start translating these texts. The translation of Arabic texts is important and worthy of attention because this language is the language of Islamic texts and Islamic civilization. In the meantime, knowing the translation of Arabic poetry is of great importance.

    Malangat and Saalik poems are among the Jahili poems that have always attracted the attention of translators. But due to the difficulty and problems in the translation of these poems, few translators have attempted to translate these poems. One of the factors that caused the difficulty of translating these poems is the presence of omissions and spaces.

    The omission and space between the elements of the sentence makes it difficult for the non-Arab audience to receive the translation, therefore paying attention to the omitted word or the space between the elements of the sentence facilitates the understanding of the poem. This research aims to deal with omission and distance based on the syntactic process and examine the problems and complexities in the poems of Maalakat and Saalik and identify the causes of these complications.

    Introduction

             The human need to know the culture and literature of other nations made people to pay attention to the translation of the books of different nations and nations. Translators started to translate books in different fields and tried to pick the best from every field, but if we refer to the pages of history, we can see that translators all over the world paid less attention to the translation of literary texts, especially poetry. Because they knew that the poem originates from the poet's feelings and the translator will not be able to include everything that originates from the poet's feelings in his translation. Because it contains a lot of information from the past times of the Arabs, to the point where it was called "Diwan al-Arab". These poems are one of the precious reserves of human knowledge, and by not translating them, we deprive the literary heritage of great treasures (Iqbali, 1388: 15).

           The translation of Arabic poetry is associated with many complications, and some writing processes of the ancient era, such as deletion, presentation, and delay, create many obstacles on the way of the translator. In addition, the translator faces many difficulties to translate the poems of Maalakat and Saalik; including the equivalence of words, the difference between the Jahili space and the present time, the Jahili lifestyle, proverbs, wisdom, similes, etc.

    This research aims to examine, in addition to the definition of translation, the history of translation, the types of translations, the difficulties and complications of the poems of Maalakat and Saalik from the morphological and syntactic aspects, in order to eliminate some of the difficulties that exist in the way of non-Arab translators.

    The statistical community in this research, They are master's students, the first semester of Mazandaran University, Babolsar. The sample size is 15 people who were selected using cluster sampling using random sampling. 10 verses were selected from the poems of Melangat and Saalik, and the selected verses were prepared along with the translation of difficult words. These verses were given to the students for translation, and the students were given a few minutes to write their own translation. After finishing the difficult time that was in the translation, the researcher explained it and the students were again asked to write down their translations. This was done to the last bit. The primary and secondary translations of the students were analyzed and the percentage of correct and incorrect answers was determined, which is mentioned at the end of each part.

    This thesis is compiled in four chapters:

    The first chapter is related to the generalities of the research, in which it deals with the problem, questions, research hypothesis, background, limits and goals of the research.

    The second chapter deals with translation, the historical history of translation, its types, and the translation of poetry.

    The third chapter is devoted to the research data and the complexities of the poems of Malangat and Saalik are examined in the two areas of distance and omission.

    In the fourth chapter, conclusions, footnotes and sources are stated.

    Abstract

    Translation is one of the transition humanistic legacies between nations, because people can overcome linguistic and cultural problems. Studying artistic and artsouvenir of nations and conceiving lyric legacy that remained asverse and poetry is depending on translation of their documents. Translation Arabic texts are an important issue because this language is related to Islamic religion and Islamic texts. Considering these issues, translation of Arab poems has high importance.

    Structure of Arab poems related on rhyme and poet tries to conserve rhyme and symphonic so can make more beautiful poems. Giving more attention to this issue caused that sometimes grammar rules ignored by poet and used authority of his/her poetry. So, knowing specific structure of poem and its complexity lead to proper conception.

    Omission and Interval between components of sentences caused that Non-Arab audiences got problems in translation. Consequently, considering to omission and intervals in sentences could lead to make it easier to understand. This study tries to investigate problems and complexity in Moallaghat and Saalic poems by considering omission and interval and recognize the cause of these problems.

  • Contents & References of Examining the translation problems in the poems of Maalakat and Saalik

    List:

    Table of Contents

    Title                                                                          Page

    Introduction. 1

    Chapter One: Generalities

    1 1 statement of the problem. 4         

    1 2 research questions. 7

    1 3 research hypotheses. 7

    1 4 Background of the research. 7

    1 5 limitations of the research. 8

    1 6 research objectives. 8

    Chapter Two: About Translation

    2 1 Translation in words. 10

    2 2 translation in terms. 11

    2 3 History of translation. 12

    2 4 types of translation. 14

    2 4 1 word for word translation or literal translation. 14

    2 4 2 free translation. 15

    2 4 3 interpretation translation. 15

    2 4 4 summary translation. 15

    2-4-5- Literary translation. 16

    2 4 6 Accurate and smooth translation. 16

    2 4 7 translation of the poem. 16

    2 4 7 1 limitations of poetry translation. 17

    2 4 7 1 1 weight limit, rhyme and internal music. 17

    2 4 7 1 2 restrictions on the transfer of innovative industries. 17

    2 4 8 oral translation. 17

    2 4 8 1 simultaneous translation. 17

    2 4 8 2 asynchronous translation. 17

    2 5 types of translation according to Peter Newmark. 18

    2 5 1 semantic translation. 18

    2 5 2 communication translation. 18

    2 6 methods of Arab translators in translation. 19

    2 7 conditions of the translator. 19

    2 7 1 complete familiarity with the source language. 20

    2 7 2 Complete familiarity with the destination language. 20

    2 7 3 Getting to know the main topic of the text. 20

    2 7 4 trust and impartiality. 20

    2 7 5 Using familiar words in translation. 21

    2 7 6 attention to grammatical rules in the source and destination languages. 21

    2 7 7 Mastery of special terms. 21

    2 8 characteristics of the translator. 22

    2-10- The art of translating poetry from the point of view of Jahiz and some contemporaries. 22

    2-11- A discussion about the translation of poetry. 23

    2 12 methods of poetry translation. 24

    Chapter three: Translation problems in the poems of Maalakat and Saalik

    3 1 Chapter or protest. 28

    3 2 spacing and translation of the poem. 28

    3 3 types of distance. 28

    3 3 1 distance between verb and subject. 28

    3 3 2 distance between verb and object. 31

    3 3 3 distance between adjective and adjective. 32

    3 3 4 distance between beginners and news. 36

    3 3 5 distance between name and news. 38

    3 4 deletion in poetry. 41

    3 5 types of deletion. 42

    3 5 1 letter removal. 42

    3 5 2 removing the elements of the sentence. 43

    3 5 2 1 remove the beginner. 44

    3 5 2 1 1 remove the beginning from the beginning of the bit. 44

    3 5 2 1 2 remove the beginning in the middle of the bit. 49

    3 5 3 Delete the description. 50

    3 5 4 remove the verb. 53

    3 5 5 Removing the copy verb and its noun. 54

    3 5 6 remove the object. 54

    3 5 7 remove additional. 54

    Chapter Four: Conclusion

    Research results. 57

    Pinochet. 58

    Sources and sources. 59

    Arabic summary. 63

    English abstract. 64

     

    Source:

    Sources and references

    Arabic sources

    Ibrahim, Abbas. (1998). Diwan Antara bin Shaddad. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi.

    Ibn Manzoor, Muhammad. (1363). Arabic language Beirut: Adab al-Hawzah.

    Badi Yaqoub, Emil. (1996). Diwan al-Shanfari. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.

    Albustani, Fouad Afram. (1389). Al-Mujani Hadith Volume 1. Beirut: Dhu al-Qurabi.

    Albustani, Karam. (1953). Diwan Tarafa bin Al-Abd. don't till Beirut.

    Jahiz. (1969). Abdussalam Haroun's research. The animal Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Trath al-Arabi.

    Al-Johari, Ismail bin Hamad. (1987). Research by Ahmed Abdul Ghafoor Al-Attar. Tajallaghah and Sahah al-Arabiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Alam.

    Hassan, Abbas. (2007). Al-Nawfi al-Wafi, vol. 1 to 4. Qom: Dar Al-Mohbin.

    Shamsabadi, Hossein. (1381). Al-Tarjamah between Al-Nazariyyah and Al-Tabiq Man Al-Arabiya to Al-Farsiyya. Sabzevar: Sabzevar Teacher Training University. Diwan Harith bin Halzah. Darul Qalam don't till Beirut.

    . Diwan Arwa bin Alvard.  don't till Beirut.

    . Court of Obaid bin Abars. Darul Qalam don't till Beirut.

    . (1997). Diwan Labid bin Rabia al-Amiri. Beirut: Dar al-Araqm bin Abi al-Araq. Tammas, Hamdo. (2005). Diwan Nabaghe al-Zabiani. Beirut: Dar al-Marafa.

    Aasi, Hajar. (1994). Court of Amr al-Qais. Beirut:Beirut: Dar al-Fakr al-Arabi.

    . (1998). Diwan Zuhair bin Abi Salmi. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi.

    Al-Ghalaini, Mustafa. (2006). Al-Dros Al-Arabiya University. Beirut: Dar al-Fakr.

    Al-Mustawi, Abd al-Rahman. (2005). Description of the ten-point suspensions. Beirut: Dar al-Marafa.

     

     

    Persian sources

    Asghari, Javad. (1386). A new approach to translation from Arabic. Tehran: Academic Jihad.

    Iqbali, Abbas. (1388). A step in the translation of classical Arabic poetry, based on syntactic process. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications.

    Anis, Ebrahim and Muntaser, Abdul Halim and Al-Sawalhi, Atiyeh and Khalaf Ahmad, Mohammad. Bandar Rigi, Mohammad. (1386). Arabic-Persian Intermediate Dictionary Volume 1. Tehran: Islamic

    Hassan, Mohammad Abdul Ghani. Abbas Arab (1376). The art of translation in Arabic literature. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi. Haqqani, Nader. (1386). Opinions and theories of translation. Tehran: Amir Kabir.

    Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar. (1335). Dictionary of Dehkhoda. Tehran: Islamic Council.

    Al-Fakhouri, Hana. Aiti, Abdul Mohammad. (1383). History of Arabic language literature. Tehran: Tos. 6th edition.

    Faghizadeh, Abdul Hadi. (1389). Arabic-Persian translation method workshop; Farsi-Arabic Qom: Yaran.

    Kazazi, Mir Jalaluddin. (1384). Namehi Bastan, vol. 5. Tehran: Semit.

    Latfipour Saedi, Kazem. (1371). An introduction to the principles and methods of translation. Tehran: University Publishing Center.

    Mojtabaei, Fethullah. (1380). A selection of poems by Robert Frost. Tehran: Mawarid.

    Maarouf, Yahya. (1386). Translation technique: theoretical and practical principles of translation from Arabic to Persian and Persian to Arabic. Tehran: Organization for Studying and Compiling Humanities Books of Universities (Samt). 6th edition.

    Nasser Khosrow. (1367). Diwan of poems. Tehran: World of Books.

    Nazemian, Reza. (1381). Methods of translation from Arabic to Persian. Tehran: Side. (1390). Translation: The realm of restriction and freedom. Bi-monthly internal magazine of Farabi International Festival. Number 24.

    Habiballahi, Abulqasem. (1345). Examples of poetry translation in the 4th and 5th centuries. Literary Essays Quarterly (Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad). Summer and Autumn numbers 6 and 7.

    Khazaifar, Ali. (1370). Translation of the poem. Translator's Quarterly. Autumn number 3.

    Dad, Sima. (1373). Translation of poetry = an experience of trying and conquering the levels of thought and words. Collection of articles of the second conference on translation issues. Tabriz: Tabriz University Press.

    Taheri, Mohammad. (1390). An introduction to the translation movement in the Islamic world; Trends and factors. Bi-monthly internal magazine of Farabi International Festival. Number 24.

    Mashiri, Mahshid. (1380). Is poetry untranslatable? Collection of articles of the first literary translation conference in Iran. Mashhad: Ferdowsi University Press.

    Malki, Duman. (1380). Revision of several theories in poetry translation. Golestane Monthly. August number 30.

    Najafdri, Hossein. (1379). In the position of denial: a successful example in poetry translation. Jahan Kitab Monthly. Khordad No. 101 and 102 Imam           

    2-www.motarjemarab.blogfa.com

    (Hosseini, Abdullah. A look at the status of poetry translation from Arabic to Persian etc. in Iran. 8/17/90)

    3-www.tebyan.net (Shafiei, Fatemeh. A look at the status of poetry translation in Iran. 11/8/90)

    4-www.ketabqom.com. Translation method. 20/1/91)

    5-www.al-watan.com                                

    (Eshakali translation of poetry in the book "Aphrodite". 15/4/90)

    6- www.wikipedia.

Examining the translation problems in the poems of Maalakat and Saalik
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