The impact of drought on quantitative and qualitative indicators of sustainable development in Varamin city (agricultural sector)

Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Human Geography

Dissertation for M.A.

Strategy: Rural Planning

Introduction

Investigation of activity platforms, especially agriculture and factors affecting the quality and quantity of its products, which itself plays an effective role in the development of activists and is of great importance. Summarizing the factors and determining the priority of the influencing factors and specifying the role of each one are the necessities of a study. In agricultural activity, the pathology of the effective factors in this activity and the reduction and increase of the intensity and weakness of each of them can open the way for the existing situation and increase its activity and economy, and prevent its stagnation and monotony and finally, in this way, prevent weaknesses. and therefore cause the quantitative and qualitative development of this activity and the workers present in it.   

has contracted In such a way that many agricultural products have been severely damaged by drought in terms of quantity and quality, and these damages have greatly destroyed the development capacities in rural areas. Due to the extreme fluctuations in rainfall in the country, droughts are natural disasters that occur in conditions of negative fluctuations, or in other words, a decrease in atmospheric precipitation compared to the long-term average, and they impose harmful effects on the agricultural sector and sometimes the economy of the regions. Certainly, the existence of different dimensions of this phenomenon leads to different definitions of it, according to factors such as rainfall, temperature, vegetation, etc. It is called (Farajzadeh, 2014, 3)

Given the effective factors of climate, great care should be taken in determining the correct pattern of agriculture. Perhaps many of the plans made in the rural areas of the country, especially in the field of agriculture, have not only solved the problems, but have led to the spread and as a result of confronting newer issues, as a result of the lowering of the quality of water resources and, as a result, of the soil, other subsequent phenomena occur that involve the governments. is achieved (Escap, 1996, 2), which unfortunately has not been paid attention to during several decades of planning and especially rural development due to following the model of exogenous development in the form of modernization theory, for which the formation of a big government, the marginalization of people, the education of rural people who are obedient and dependent on government assistance, the flow of innovations from the city to the village, the migration of talented and diligent young creative forces to the city due to the lack of attention to them, and the lack of providing suitable facilities in the village environment, unemployment, poverty, evacuation of villages, social changes and the like. (Eftakhari et al., 2016, 12)

In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development, according to the specific weather conditions in the country, many issues must be resolved. The management of water use in agriculture has also made the situation more difficult, for this reason, the pattern of water consumption in the country must be modified in such a way that the proportion of agricultural use alone changes from 93% of the current situation to about 90% during the program. Also, the activities of the water consuming sectors should be organized in such a way that the pollution of water resources caused by the activities of these sectors is controlled first, and then the water quality indicators are upgraded to the level of favorable conditions. Through the non-optimal use of water and the use of inappropriate aquifers by the operators, every year a part of the cultivated land is exposed to salinity. Also, due to the harsh environmental conditions in the country, barren desert soils and sand dunes or saline soils in the plateaus and sand dunes show remarkable superiority. (Khani, 1386, 188-187)

In any part of the world, there is no place like the villages, in terms of economic dependence on the land and its cultivation, they are involved in weather and climate conditions; In fact, villages are places of agriculture; Therefore, its all-round development depends on increasing the amount of cultivated area and the amount of agricultural and livestock production. The realization of this issue depends on the fulfillment of some agricultural inputs, including the required water.

In this regard, Varamin city also due to recent droughts, reduction of atmospheric precipitation and the lack of water resources necessary to keep the production power of agricultural lands alive, caused a decrease in the quantity and quality of products and subsequently a decrease in income, and finally the speed of the development process and sustainable rural development. Construction activities such as Mamlu Dam on the Jajrud River have not been able to meet the essential needs of the agricultural sector, and on the other hand, in addition to the increase in agricultural needs, domestic and industrial needs also add importance to this issue. In this research, an attempt is made to find out how the effects of drought can be mitigated, considering the location of Varamin city on the edge of the desert and considering the potential and actual capacities in the field of agriculture and water resources, followed by the development indicators, including economic, social, and health issues. improve the During recent years, Varamin city has gained a favorable position in the field of agriculture in the country, so that many agricultural products of Varamin are among the country's export items; Huge greenhouses with huge investments and vast lands under cultivation have made it difficult to plan for this desert city that is facing a water shortage crisis followed by drought. But what should be noted is that if any part of the country becomes an agricultural pole, the continuation of this process is not only on the shoulders of the farmers and the damages caused by this natural disaster are so heavy that if the government does not cooperate with the farmers, the villages will be deserted and then agriculture will be destroyed, and a country that does not have dynamic agriculture with all its problems; It will be pointless to talk about the industry. National sustainable development depends on the stability of rural areas. In other words, the sustainability of rural spaces in different dimensions can play an effective role in regional and national development, thus by knowing the location of settlements from the perspective of sustainable development dimensions and indicators, it will be possible to plan with a more comprehensive perspective. water quality etc.) is tied to it so that rural development has been intertwined with agriculture since the past. It has been a long time that the development of agriculture as a method to achieve the goals of a large part of the national development has been the attention of the country's planners. (Dehghan et al. 2014, 2) Since agriculture is related to climate, for this reason, the conflict between these two issues requires discussion and reasoning, so considering that our country is located in a dry and semi-arid climate zone, and in dry and low-rain areas, especially in desert areas, the average rainfall reaches below 50 mm, which is considered a kind of crisis that requires proper management of natural resources. The successful management of water resources is the result of a comprehensive understanding of the existing processes in water resources systems, and this provides the basis for the development of appropriate management measures such as risk reduction at different stages through warning systems and preparation for emergency and crisis situations. (Nazimi, 1385, 1993)

In such areas, life is necessarily formed in relation to water, and the existence of water resources, quantity and quality, as well as its permanent or temporary nature, have always played a role in the formation of human communities. Obviously, in such an environment without sufficient water, it is impossible to form urban communities or to form an economy based on agriculture and land exploitation (Mahdavi, 1385, 143). Thus, paying attention to rural development without paying attention to agriculture is baseless, because the life of villagers is based on agriculture, and now, due to the special climate and weather conditions and successive droughts and the confrontation and confrontation of these issues together, addressing it is one of the basic priorities of planners to improve quantitative and qualitative conditions. It is the quality of life of villagers whose economy revolves around agriculture and animal husbandry.