Locating crisis management support bases using geographic information system

Dissertation

To receive a Master's degree

Geography and Urban Planning

Abstract

One of the issues that most cities in the world are dealing with is natural disasters. Considering the unpredictability of natural disasters and the need to make quick and correct decisions and implement operations, theoretical and fundamental foundations have created a knowledge under the title of crisis management. One of the measures that are taken to manage the crisis is to think of measures to provide relief after its occurrence. In recent years, the establishment of crisis management support bases has been on the agenda of the Crisis Prevention and Management Organization. One of the important things before creating these bases is to study, check and choose the right geographical location for establishing this type of user. A place that is safe for the base in local critical conditions and has different functions in normal conditions. This research has been done with the aim of choosing the most suitable place for the establishment of crisis management support bases in Semiram city. Due to its location among the Zagros mountains, this city is vulnerable to natural hazards, including earthquakes. In terms of purpose, the present research is of an applied type, which was carried out using descriptive-analytical method. In this research, we seek to find the best location for crisis management support bases in Semiram city, which first identified the effective factors and criteria in the location of relief centers during a crisis. Then, AHP model was used to determine the importance and value of each criteria and effective elements in the decision, and a questionnaire was designed and distributed among experts and specialists. In the next step, the weight of each of the decision criteria and elements was determined using the hierarchical analysis process method and Expert Choice software. Then, using the field method, maps of the studied area were updated and prepared. In the next step, all information layers were converted to raster in the geographic information system (GIS). Finally, using the Index overlay method, the layers were combined with each other and three positions were suggested as the best locations for crisis management support bases in Semiram city. Among them, two options, one in the eastern part of the city and on Molvi Street, and the other in the southern part of the city and on Motahari Street, have been proposed as the best options, and they are in an almost suitable location in terms of access. An option that has a lower score is located in the southeast part of the city and on Sheikh Kalini Street.

Key words: location, crisis management support bases, hierarchical analysis process, Semiram city.

Natural disasters have always existed as a natural phenomenon throughout the life of the planet. The occurrence of natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, storms, etc. in most cases have devastating effects on human settlements and heavy casualties on their residents. The buildings and infrastructures of such areas have been destroyed and have imposed unfortunate economic and social consequences on cities and countries. Despite many scientific advances, mankind is still not able to prevent and resist these natural events (Qanvati et al., 2018: 16).  Management of natural disasters and sustainable development is considered as an integrated issue today. Due to limited resources, real development will not be possible without integration with natural disaster reduction programs (Hadizadeh, 2016: 29). Earthquake as a natural phenomenon does not have adverse results by itself. What makes this phenomenon a disaster is the lack of prevention and lack of preparation to deal with its consequences. Therefore, one of the most necessary measures is to apply "crisis management principles" (Shadi Talab, 1371:124). Crisis management measures can be summarized in three parts: 1- Prevention, 2- Reaction, 3- Reconstruction (Drabak, 2013: 190), therefore it is the most important topic of discussion in the strategy of reducing the effects of earthquakes (McNamara, 2017: 689). Crisis management support bases, especially in crisis situations, play a very important role in the organization and management of crisis, so it is necessary to select a suitable place for the construction of this type of use in the city of Semiram with a detailed investigation and a comprehensive study in order to be effective in improving its efficiency and exploitation.In the zoning of earthquake risk in Iran, the city of Semiram is one of the cities of Iran that is in the zoning position with a high relative risk. The northwest-southeast fault of Semiram is located in the immediate vicinity of the city and in some areas, the city is built along this fault (Semiram City Master Plan, 1379: 20).

The purpose of this research is to choose the most suitable place for the establishment of crisis management support bases in the city of Semiram.

The first chapter of this collection includes the research plan. In this chapter, the problem, importance and necessity of the research, goals, research questions, background and problems and limitations of the research have been discussed. In the second chapter, concepts and theoretical foundations of the subject are mentioned. In the third chapter, the research method used in the research and the introduction of the research area have been examined. In the fourth chapter, while analyzing and introducing the effective criteria in locating these bases, the location of crisis management support bases in Semiram city was discussed, and finally, in the fifth chapter, answers to research questions, conclusions and suggestions were made.

Issue

Accidents or natural hazards are phenomena that occur every year in every corner of the world and have harmful consequences, and humans have no role in their occurrence, but in controlling and Creating solutions to minimize its material and spiritual damages has a significant role. Especially in today's world where environmental determinism is almost rejected and all people have turned to possibilityism. Humans and scientific achievements as well as his intellectual power can minimize the effects of these risks.

Therefore, Iran is considered one of the most resilient countries in the world. As statistics show, out of 40 types of natural disasters that occur in the world, 31 of them occur in Iran. The presence of such natural disasters in the country has made Iran one of the top 10 countries in the field of disaster. This itself is a factor for more effort towards practical achievement of coherent methods and solutions to deal with and deal logically in minimizing the catastrophic dimensions of such events (Shuja'araqi et al., 2013: 42). Naturally, the first action of humans in dealing with crises and accidents is to rescue and reduce the effects of the incident, which despite the very short time, requires a quick response, a quick response that forms a very important part of crisis management, including identification, Evaluation, decision-making and emergency measures are temporary, and all stages of this reaction take place in a very short time, sometimes even in a few hours (Farji and Garakhlo, 1388: 144). Therefore, preparing and recognizing the crisis is one of the tasks of management, but more important than that, the prediction and the ability to look into the future, this crisis will be like a storm that will pull us in every direction (Rodini, 1383: 66).

According to the issues that have been said, one of the basic and important tasks of urban and regional planners is to allocate land to various urban uses according to the role and function of the city, the economy of the city, and also the mutual influence of the factors of uses on each other (Al-Sheikh) and Hosseinian, 2015: 2), the issue of optimal location of these bases by considering the effective location parameters and factors has been considered in this research.

As a result, choosing a suitable place for the establishment of crisis management support bases requires a comprehensive study and review, because the construction of said bases in suitable positions increases its efficiency and productivity in order to achieve the desired goals, especially in crisis situations.

The existence of the North-West Fault The southeast, which is located in the north of Semiram city, necessitates the existence of these bases because Semiram city has neighborhoods with dilapidated structures, and the reconstruction and revival of this structure is the first priority of the crisis management of this city. Because some houses of this fabric collapse with a strong shake (Semiram city master plan, 1379: 15). Therefore, attention to this issue requires comprehensive studies.

This research seeks the following questions:

1- Is the location of relief and rescue centers in the city of Semiram according to the criteria of location and urban planning?

2- Where is the most suitable place to establish crisis management support bases in the city of Semiram?

1-2 The importance and value of the research

Location It is one of the location analyzes that has a great impact in reducing the costs of creating and setting up various activities, for this reason it is considered one of the most important and effective steps in implementation projects (Shoja Iraqi et al., 2010: 42).