The impact of chronopolitical factors on regional convergences centered on the Islamic Republic of Iran"

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1 Introduction

"The foreign policy of any country is the continuation of the domestic policy of that country", this phrase is considered one of the famous and classic phrases in the field of political science, and its real example can be seen in the field of internal and external developments of a country like Türkiye. In fact, the course of historical developments in Turkish society shows that during several decades of ups and downs, from the heart of the conflict between Islamists and secularists, the modernist students of the political school of Najmuddin Erbakan, the founder of the Islamist Welfare Party, took power in the Turkish political scene in the form of the Justice and Development Party during the parliamentary elections of 2002 and created a new atmosphere in the political arena of this country, especially in the field of foreign policy. The coming to power of this moderate movement is the result of the formation of a kind of internal or national norm in Turkish society based on common values ??regarding the definition of the optimal and appropriate approach that provides the national interests of Turkey, which with the interaction of individuals, groups and internal discourses between secular and nationalist currents and Islamists (despite numerous political crises and the occurrence of several military coups), in a process of socialization, caused Turkish society to move towards a point of balance. Therefore, the Justice and Development Party should be seen as the result of the movement of Turkish society from the strong Islamism tendencies of currents such as Najmuddin Arbakan's Welfare Party on the one hand and the strong secularist and nationalist tendencies of currents such as Mam Mihan Tanso Chiller on the other hand, during the last few decades. international, which caused a special dynamic in the field of Turkish foreign policy. At the heart of this development is the formulation of the doctrine of strategic depth by Ahmet Davutoglu, the Turkish foreign minister and the architect of the country's new foreign policy. Putting the policy of "reducing problems with neighbors to zero" on the agenda caused a new dynamism in the foreign relations of this country in recent years; Which is largely different from the traditional approach of Ankara in the field of foreign policy. Creating a balance in the foreign policy orientation towards the Western world on the one hand and the neighboring countries and the region on the other hand, playing a stronger role in the Middle East region and naming 2007 as the year of the Middle East, expanding relations with Syria (including the historic visit of Bashar al-Assad to Turkey for the first time in the past 57 years in 2004), improving relations with Iraq and the visit of high-ranking officials of the two countries for the first time, developing relations with Kurdish groups and the autonomous government of northern Iraq (including Davutoglu, the Turkish Foreign Minister's visit to Erbil in 2009), balancing Turkey's relations with Israel in parallel with the expansion of relations with the Arabs, the normalization of relations with Armenia, the expansion of relations with the Russian Federation and playing an active role in Iran's nuclear case can be considered as one of the most important features and results of Turkey's new foreign policy in the light of the views and approaches of the Justice and Development Party. It seems that due to the victory of the Justice and Development Party in the Turkish parliamentary elections in July 2007 and the approval of the amendments proposed by this party in the Turkish constitution by the people of this country in September 2010, the current trend in Turkey's foreign policy, which some refer to as "neo-Ottomanism", will continue for the next few years and continue to have its effect on regional and international equations.

It is within the framework of this development that In recent years, we have witnessed the expansion of relations between Iran and Turkey - as two neighboring countries - in various areas, and due to economic issues, especially in the field of energy and important political developments such as the escalation of the situation in Iran's nuclear case and Turkey's active mediation in this area (including participation in the Tehran statement with Brazil), it has led to the increasing expansion of Tehran-Ankara relations, which has led to sensitivities at the regional level and especially in the Western world regarding the dimensions and nature of these relations. .

1-1) Statement of the problem

Iran and Turkey have always been influential powers in Asia, and history is a proof of this claim. Before the people of these two countries approached Islam, the borders of these two lands were the site of conflict between the two great empires of Iran and Rome, although after the addition of Iran and Turkey to the Islamic countries, it became the site of disputes between local Islamic governments in a part of the history of both countries. Whenever stability returns to both countries, the thought of regional competition whose peak can be seen in the Safavid and Ottoman Empire periods.. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of Turkey, although both countries have been part of the interests of the United States of America in the Middle East in regional relations, but the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the presentation of a new model of Islamic government in Iran, the two countries entered a new stage of regional competition, which includes the spread of Pan-Turkism by Turkey from the Balkans to the Caucasus and Central Asia. The two countries have had many influences and currently the Middle East developments have entered a new stage in the relations between the two countries. In this thesis, Iran-Turkey relations are studied as an independent variable and modern regionalism as a dependent variable.

1-2) Research objectives

This research has two objectives, one of which is scientific and the second objective is practical.

1-2-1) Scientific objectives

1 - Reviewing the position Regional Turkey in the Middle East

1-2-2) Practical objectives

1- Investigating the capacity of Iran and Turkey in the Middle East

1-3) The main question of the research

What is the effect of the transition period in the Middle East on the relations between Iran and Turkey?

1-4) Hypotheses

1- The transition period in the Middle East has promoted the regional position of Türkiye in the Middle East.

2- Turkey has been considered as a model of governance in an Islamic country by the transregional powers in the transition period of the Middle East in contrast to the model of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

5) Research method

This research was conducted using the descriptive-analytical method, using the principles of geography and emphasizing political geography and other related sciences such as political science, history, etc. and scientific journals and internet sites have been done. Also for this research tools such as maps, tables, graphs and computer software Excel and Photo Shop have been used. Research

The scope of this research is in the following three areas:

1-6-1) The subject of the research

This research is titled "The impact of chronopolitical factors on regional convergences centered on the Islamic Republic of Iran".

1-6-2) Research location

The geographical location of the research is in the Middle East, in fact, Southwest Asia where the country of Iran and its regional neighbors

1-6-3) The time of the research

The time of this research is from the beginning of the 19th century and then the First World War and then the Second World War when regional convergences are taking place in the world. During this period, which is the beginning of the Cold War, Iran also joins the regional convergences.

1-7) Limitations and bottlenecks Research

There were limitations and bottlenecks in the writing of this research, some of which are mentioned:

A) Lack of resources related to the subject

B) Non-cooperation of some universities and institutions to use resources and theses

C) Lack of an organization or institution to financially support the research

1-8) Background Research

Regarding the title of this research, extensive research has been conducted, some of which are available in the form of articles, books, and dissertations, some of them are mentioned here:

The Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences has presented complete topics about Turkey, as well as the book Turkey of the Future, which includes the most important geopolitical and chronopolitical developments, as well as the book Strategic Depth by Ahmed Davut Oglu, published by Amir Kabir, and the strategic information of Turkey in

1-9) research beneficiaries

such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Science and Research and other educational centers that are somehow related to the field of political geography.

1-10) research application

Turkey being a buffer between the two continents of Asia and Europe has given these two countries a special strategic position and this country is like a bridge that connects Europe to the strategic region and It is very important and connects Southwest Asia and has a special place in the region.