The climate effect of soybean growth in Razvanshahr region (Gilan province)

Abstract

All crops are different from each other in terms of biological characteristics and environmental needs, while the natural and environmental characteristics of the land also have drastic changes from one region to another. Many factors affect the growth and development of plants. Some of these factors include: the amount of energy received from the sun, the temperature during the growing season, the amount of nutrients needed by plants in the soil, etc. All these factors must be taken into consideration by the farmers to obtain the proper production. For example, in dry areas, the lack of rainfall is compensated by irrigating fields. It is also possible to adjust the temperature and the length of the day by controlling the heat and light. But it should be noted that the use of these methods is expensive and in some cases uneconomical. In some areas of the earth's surface, there are places where plants can grow best without control measures. Therefore, if such areas are identified, the most suitable products can be cultivated in them, and the best and most compatible crop species can be introduced and suggested for cultivation in these areas. In this research, by analyzing the climatic elements of Razvanshahr and determining the climatic needs of soybeans in the region, the effect of climate on soybean cultivation was determined. To achieve this goal, climatic elements were used. The results show that Rezvanshahr city has a suitable condition for soybean cultivation. According to the climatic and especially thermal needs of soybean (degree-day), the land is suitable for soybean. It is obvious that all these areas can be cultivated if other biological conditions exist.

Key words: climatic factors, daily growth temperature, soybean cultivation, Razvanshahr city It has a role in the economic and social development of countries. Climate is one of the most important factors that has been the focus of mankind throughout history, and there is hardly any agriculture that does not deal with one or more meteorological factors during the day. In our country, due to the severe limitation of rainfall, the existence of excruciating heat in summer and severe cold in winter, climate plays a special role in the success of agriculture, and the amount of production of agricultural products has a high correlation with precipitation and the suitability of weather conditions in each year (Mousavi Baighi, 1388, p. 13).

One of the most important effective factors in choosing suitable areas for soybean cultivation is paying attention to climatic elements and especially the thermal needs of this plant. Today, the role of climate in the agricultural sector, through the geographical distribution of the product based on climatic conditions, in order to prevent the possible damage of cold and frost, storm, drought or water depletion is not hidden from anyone. Damage caused by climatic elements on crops is significant due to the lack of compatibility of the type of product with the environmental conditions. Examples of such damages are repeated every year in different parts of the world. For example, the damage caused by late spring and early autumn cold in Gilan province and Rezvanshahr city in some years destroys a part of the area's garden produce and a significant part of crops, especially soybeans, and causes billions of Rials in damage (Asadi, 2018). Therefore, the optimal allocation of human, material and natural resources with the knowledge of atmospheric and climatic conditions, in order to achieve all-round (sustainable) development, becomes more and more apparent.

The spatial differences in terms of agriculture and crop production reveal the necessity of conducting agroclimatology (agricultural climate) studies. In fact, without understanding the climate, no agricultural region will be economic. Each area has its own characteristics that are different from lower or higher areas. The aforementioned factors have caused each region to have different agricultural areas in terms of physical heterogeneity (topography, slope, climate). The city of Razvanshahr is also very different in terms of the variety of physical factors, which are caused by different forms of unevenness, soil, climate, etc., in terms of suitability for agriculture from one region to another. In this study, the areas prone to growing beans, mung beans and soybeans have been identified as three important food products through thermal requirements.

Statement of the problem

Nowadays, it is inevitable to pay attention to the importance of agricultural production in the food security of the society, as well as the need to pay attention to the economic dimensions.The lack of knowledge of farmers in Gilan province in this field can bring a great danger to the agricultural economy and other production sectors. In order to achieve food security, in addition to adopting favorable policies and having sufficient resources, agricultural production should be such that it meets all the needs of the society. On the other hand, agricultural production itself requires two groups of production factors. The first group is the physical factors of production such as: land, seeds, water, labor, etc., whose presence is a necessary condition for production in terms of quantity and quality, and the second group is the non-physical factors of production that are rooted in agricultural management and economics. Considering the importance and necessity of management and agricultural economy, this factor is considered as a sufficient condition for production. Therefore, in order to produce desirable and optimal agriculture, the presence of physical and non-physical factors of production together are necessary and mandatory.

Arable lands of Gilan province have a significant talent in producing all kinds of crops, including rice, fodder and summer vegetables, including soybeans, but so far it has not been used as much as it should be. And agriculture in the current situation is not the answer to the livelihood of the families, many farmers have to migrate to big cities. Today, two factors of physical factors, namely water and labor, are under serious threat. For this reason, in some areas, according to the climate, farmers are planting new crops instead of the current crops, for example, we can mention the cultivation of spruce or kiwi instead of rice.

Rezvanshahr city in the west of Gilan is always in the direction of the west winds due to its proximity to the Caspian Sea, and the occurrence of winter rains and cold weather in the cold seasons of the year, like in other parts of the province, agricultural production is not common in 6 months of the year, and during the agricultural seasons, farmers They are cultivating rice. The fact that most of the farmers in this region have only one product is another reason. Considering the problems mentioned above, the writer is trying to By examining the climate effect of soybean growing in Razvanshahr region, he can find the best product that is economical for farmers.

1-2 main research questions

Regarding the topic of the research, the researcher aims to answer the following questions.

1- Are the climatic conditions in Razvanshahr region of Gilan province suitable for soybean cultivation?

2- What is the best time for soybean cultivation in Razvanshahr region?

3- Considering the climatic conditions of Razvanshahr city, can soybean cultivation be popularized there?

1-3 Necessity and importance of research

In the past half century, soybean has been in the third place after wheat and corn in terms of production, and in terms of value after corn, it has been in the second place in the world. Soybean is a plant that, in addition to producing seeds, its foliage is used as fodder. Also, the cultivation of this plant strengthens agricultural soils due to the biological fixation of nitrogen. More than 100 different types of commercial products can be obtained from the seeds of this plant, including dairy products such as milk, cheese, margarine, medicinal products such as anti-osteoporosis and anti-cancer, food products such as chocolate drinks, etc. The protein found in soybeans. It is of high quality and can be used after degreasing and replace animal protein in human food. Soybeans have twice as much protein as red meat and 10 times as much cheese as milk. Seed protein contains many essential amino acids. Due to the special topographical conditions and the mountainous nature of some of its areas, Razvanshahr city does not have enough space for rice cultivation, therefore, along with rice and other cases, the need to cultivate soybeans according to its climate seems necessary and important.

Providing the necessary solutions for the best time to cultivate soybeans in Razvanshahr region

1-5 hypotheses

According to the goals and research questions, three hypotheses have been proposed for this research. which is as follows.

1- It seems that the climatic conditions in Rizvanshahr region of Gilan province are suitable for soybean cultivation.

2- The best time for soybean cultivation in Rizvanshahr region is Mahi.