Using the fuzzy model - ANP in determining the optimal spatial-spatial location of parking lots in the GIS environment

Dissertation for Master's degree

in the field of GIS and remote sensing of urban and rural studies

Abstract:

Choosing a suitable place for activity at the neighborhood and regional level is one of the basic decisions to carry out a research project that requires research in a studied place from different perspectives. It analyzes the availability of suitable and sufficient land as well as its compatibility with other uses, in order to choose a suitable and practical place.

The aim of this thesis was to locate the optimal areas for creating multi-storey parking in the eight district of Tabriz municipality using Arc GIS software. For this purpose, primary data from this area was prepared and the model used in this thesis, ANP-fuzzy model, was selected. The layers used in this research are: population density, building density, parking area, access based on road width, land price, parking supply, parking demand, and number of cars.

At first, the appropriate weight was applied to the layers in the Super decision software, then the weighting results were applied to the layers in the Idrisi software environment and fuzzy Layers were made and suitable parking areas were selected. The result of this fuzzy operation was transferred to the Arc map software, and the output and analysis of the results were done in this environment.

This thesis was compiled in six chapters.  Chapter 1: General, Chapter 2: Theoretical foundations and research background, Chapter 3: Knowledge of the study area, Chapter 4: Research materials and methods, Chapter 5: Findings, Chapter 6: Summary and conclusions.

Key words: parking lot location, GIS, Fuzzy ANP, Super decision, Tabriz Hasht region

1-1- Introduction

Factors caused by migration and population growth as well as physical growth Cities, service delivery and fair distribution of services in the city environment have been associated with many problems, and it is very important to adopt a correct and efficient policy in the field of providing essential services to the population living in different parts of the city. One of these essential uses in cities is parking.

Owning a vehicle can show its real utility when its owners are able to find a place to park their vehicle in any part of the city where they are going. In other words, bus stops with sufficient capacity should be built in different dense urban areas such as commercial, service, recreational and work areas. But due to inattention or economic reasons, etc., this program has not been implemented in many cities of our country.

In fact, today the problem of lack of parking places for vehicles, especially in densely populated areas of the city, has become more and more apparent. Moving with vehicles to the city center and reaching the destination is much easier than finding a place to park a car. Fan experts consider one of the causes of congestion and traffic jams in densely populated areas of the city to be drivers who, in search of finding a place to park their vehicle, disturb the smooth traffic on the street and cause long traffic jams. Providing the parking needs of the citizens will make the correct circulation of cars in search of parking, and will regulate the movement of cars in the city. Air pollution will also be reduced in the consumption of wasted fuel.

In this research, an attempt is made to identify and introduce the optimal areas of multi-storey parking lots in the eight city districts of Tabriz using the network analysis method or ANP. Most of the decisions taken by managers and planners in various urban, environmental, defense, security and service projects are somehow related to its specific location and situation. Therefore, the existence of accurate, reliable and timely geographical and geographic information and more importantly its optimal management is one of the very fundamental issues in the success of decisions and their implementation. Geographical information systems are an advanced technology for managing and analyzing descriptive and geographical information, and in this way, several technologies such as; Digital map generation systems use remote sensing [1] and database management systems (DBMS) [2] (Chang [3], 2005).. The use of geographic information systems, on a scale with old systems and also related to it, has many advantages such as responding to the needs of users in all fields, organizing and increasing the productivity of existing resources, optimizing investments and planning, a useful tool for managers to make decisions, speed and accuracy of work and determine the development capabilities in different regions and places, and these advantages make these systems very usable and beyond other systems such as [4] CAD. The ability to perform complex analyzes with different spatial and non-spatial data sets together is the most important feature of GIS [5], which cannot be done with other methods such as analog methods. The ability to analyze various data together provides the possibility of creating and using spatial information in a completely different way than in the past. The growth of urbanization in all societies, especially in megacities, is so fast that many urban centers could not keep pace with this movement, and cities began to develop unevenly, and open spaces disappeared, and acute health, education, housing, and employment issues arose in crowded cities, and the balance of social and human relations between city residents and existing facilities was disrupted, and cities were severely lacking in educational, healthcare, leisure, protection, security, and welfare services. faced, and also the lack of distribution of services doubled the severity of the shortages.

Among the various infrastructures that make up a country, the intra-city transportation system is very important as an infrastructure that plays a significant role in the various activities of that country. The beginning and the end of every journey, whether in the city or outside the city, with whatever purpose it is carried out, eventually ends in a stop. At the end of the trip, it is necessary to park the car in a specific place that is not prohibited by law. Calculations show that the stopping time of each car is longer than its moving time. Anticipating and providing enough space for vehicles when they are not used is one of the problems of cities, especially big cities. The difficulty of the work is due to the fact that the special parking space should often be considered in the most limited and expensive parts of the city (Saeed Nia, 2008). The rapid growth of the population and the consequent increase of private cars in residential areas and their parking during the day and night in the neighborhoods and alleys due to the lack of parking, especially in the central and traditional contexts of the cities, which are narrow and dense and lack parking in their residential units, cause many problems in passing through the places. It has created and disturbed the local order.

The inappropriate location of parking lots and their unprincipled dispersion not only causes the ineffectiveness of these parking lots, but also increases crowding in the localities and as a result the density within the localities, increases fuel consumption, local pollution and increases noise pollution (Kirimi et al., 2017).

Urban parking lots in our country are usually located in crowded areas of urban centers While the area and per capita dedicated to this use in the localities is very small and is limited to the private ownership of some houses, thus we witness the crowding of cars parked in the localities and city alleys at night and during rest and leisure time, the residential space of the people is almost devoid of proper and standard parking facilities due to the lack of written and principled planning and the urban areas are full of cars parked on the side of the streets and alleys. This has caused the cars parked in these areas to narrow the traffic space on the one hand and to be exposed to risks such as theft and insecurity on the other hand (Rustai and Qanbari, 2017).

The location of multi-storey parking lots that occupy less land and have a high parking capacity is one of the necessities of urban planning and traffic in big cities. Accordingly, the location of service centers such as multi-storey parking lots in the city, as part of land use planning, is influenced by criteria and Many variables including distance from attraction centers (commercial, administrative, medical, educational centers, etc.), access to main and side streets with service level and different widths, property value, building quality, etc.