Evaluation of effective indicators in the implementation of good urban governance (case study of districts 4 and 8 of Mashhad)

Dissertation for Master's Degree in

Geography and Urban Planning

Thesis/dissertation abstract:

The rapid expansion of Iran's megacities without predicting and establishing the necessary institutional and legal arrangements to control and guide the development and provide appropriate services in the entire region causes numerous content problems and challenges. The question is, how can these challenges be overcome? Solving these challenges requires new models that can use all the capacities of the society in the public, private and civil sectors to maximize the production and provision of public services. The governance model can be a new theory in responding to new expectations and responsibilities; A model that can be a way out of the current situation and a way to provide better public services. In this research, the goal is to evaluate the indicators of participation, transparency, and strategic insight, three indicators of good urban governance in districts 4 and 8 of Mashhad city, with regard to integrated management in the national (infrastructure, legal, webster) and regional, local (organizations and municipalities at the regional and local level) dimensions. Questionnaires and field surveys have been used to collect the required information. Since the views of citizens and managers of regions 4 and 8 have been compared regarding the status of indicators of participation, transparency, and strategic vision, the sample size in this research is 322 citizens of regions 4 and 8 (161 people from each region) and 50 city managers of the municipality. SPSS and Excel were used to analyze the data. Independent t-test was used to analyze the opinions of citizens and managers. The results of the research show that the status of the governance indicators in both regions is in a bad situation from the citizens' point of view, except for the participation index. However, Region 8 is in a better position than Region 4 due to the fact that it is a semi-privileged region. The descriptive average of indicators of participation, transparency, and strategic insight are 3:3, 20.1, 2.28 in region 4, 3.15, 2.48, 2.66 in region 8, and 2.72, 2.9, 2.48 in the group of managers. In line with the objectives of the research, to find the cause of the lack of good urban governance, managers were asked in the form of closed questions. It makes integrated management to be created by reforming laws and infrastructures. Preface Cities and especially big contemporary cities with all their complexities and artificiality are the most important and wonderful achievements of man, and therefore cities should be considered the workshops of civilization and the supernatural of civilized man (Ziari, 2012, 51). With the increasing growth and development of urbanization in recent decades in our country, the need to adopt a new approach to the problems and consequences of urbanization is necessary and necessary. Along with the fundamental social changes in the country and the creation of new parameters in public administration at the global level, which was completed with the emergence of modern public administration, the very rapid changes of the technological era caused the necessity of harmonizing these changes and benefiting from technological advantages to become more clear. In this way, the concept of good governance in the late 90s was able to appear in the literature related to development. Find a place for yourself. The concept of governance is complex and controversial. According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), governance is the use of legal powers in the political, economic and managerial (executive) fields to manage the affairs of the country at all levels. Governance includes mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens demand their interests, demand their legal rights and resolve their disputes. Research In order to evaluate the state of urban governance in Mashhad in regions four and eight, this paper has been prepared in five chapters as follows; in the first chapter, the generalities of the research have been discussed. And after stating the problem and mentioning the necessity of investigating it, the questions, objectives, hypotheses, background of the research and the research method are given. The second chapter is the theoretical basis of the research which is given in five separate sections. In the first part, the topics related to urban management are discussed and the definitions and concepts of management, urban management and its relationship with urban planning, systemic perspective in urban management, application of the concept of organizational management integration in urban management, history of urban management in different countries, urban management model and so on are mentioned.In the first part, topics related to urban management have been discussed and the definitions and concepts of management, urban management and its relationship with urban planning, systemic perspective in urban management, application of the concept of organizational management integration in urban management, history of urban management in different countries, urban management model and the goals of urban complex management in Iran have been discussed. In the second part, the topics related to the concepts of governance, governance and government, various indicators of good urban governance and dimensions, objectives, approaches and strategies, implementation stages of good urban governance and the place of urban governance in the basic theories of governance and urban power are stated. In the third part, the issues related to the three indicators of participation, transparency, and strategic vision have been examined. In the fourth part, the issues related to governance in metropolitan areas have been discussed, and the status of governance in Iran's metropolises has been investigated, and in the fifth part, the analysis of the concepts of governance in the country's foreign documents has been discussed. In the third chapter, it deals with the scope of the research study. In this chapter, the location and characteristics of Mashhad city and the socio-economic characteristics of the city have been examined. And in the following, it is devoted to the introduction of Checha Rao Hash areas of Mashhad city and its socio-economic, physical and environmental characteristics. In the fourth chapter, the results of the research are given. which is divided into two parts. The first part contains descriptive statistics, and after examining the respondents according to gender, age, education and job status, it analyzed the indicators of participation, transparency, strategic insight, from the point of view of managers and citizens, and in the second part, inferential statistics are discussed. First, the reliability analysis of the indicators of participation, transparency, strategic insight, and the test of normality of the data have been examined, and then the state of good urban governance (according to these three indicators) in Checha-Ro-Hasht areas, and the extent to which these areas have the desired indicators have been examined, and at the end, the analysis of open questions has been done. The basics of research, testing hypotheses, drawing conclusions, and presenting suggestions are presented in the fifth chapter. Every beginning will be a question of why and how to begin? It seems that the world that surrounds us and throws us into it is a vast, complex and intertwined world. Part of Burma is obvious and part is not obvious. In every research, we aim to open up some of the darkness and transform it into light. Perhaps the researches that split the secrets and created secrets at the same time. Whether they break a secret or create a secret, both are a step from darkness to light because a secret is a path to recognition, and making a secret is a background for a secret. It is very difficult to swim in the roaring sea of ??ignorance, only a part of which has become known to us. Sometimes by researching, we make ignorance known, and sometimes the more we research, the more we increase our ignorance. Regardless of whether our knowledge will be increased by research or our ignorance, it must be said that every research needs a framework. One cannot float recklessly and aimlessly in this deep and wide sea. In this part of the speech, it is the same framework, the framework that reveals the scope of the research to us, and lays a path for us to follow, which are: the issue of the research, the necessity of the research, the questions and hypotheses, the goals and methods of the research, and the steps of its implementation.

Urban management can be considered as a comprehensive organization that includes formal and informal components, effective and efficient, which have an impact on various social, economic, physical, and city life dimensions, and with a multi-functional nature in the field of policy making, planning, and implementation, they aim to manage the direction, control, and all-round sustainable development of the city and realize the increase in the quality of life of the citizens and the well-being of the citizens (Rafiian and Hosseinpour, 16, 1390).

Urban management tasks can be expressed in the framework of concepts such as urban planning, civil tasks, service tasks, urban health provision, social services, safety tasks, cultural tasks, urban environment improvement, monitoring tasks. Today, four types of tasks are considered for optimal urban management. Strategic plan, provision and distribution of social services, management and improvement of infrastructure investments. economic and improving the living conditions of the people. Nowadays, two-level management is proposed to fulfill the tasks of urban management. This model has two levels of urban administration, one of which is the regional level municipality that covers the entire urban complex, and the other is the local level municipality that is formed in each of the cities and towns in the urban complex.