Meta-analysis of research conducted in the field of collective conflicts

Thesis for receiving a master's degree (M.A)

Department of Social Sciences

Orientation: Researcher

Abstract:

The present meta-analysis is an attempt to re-analyze a set of these pathological researches in the field of factors affecting collective conflict. Variance and Tukey tests were used between the independent variables of the research and the dependent variable.  According to the results, age has an effect on the tendency to quarrel. Men are more prone to group conflict than women. There is no significant relationship between the average effect size of the researches used and the level of education, and in all the researches reviewed, those with higher education have less tendency to quarrel. Also, there is a significant and inverse relationship between the average size of the effect and the socio-economic base of the respondents.

In relation to the variable of influencing factors in conflict, it should be said: all three cultural factors, family differences and property differences have a different effect on the tendency to conflict. The effect of the feeling of deprivation on the tendency to fight in the research conducted in Lordegan is more than Ahvaz city. There is a significant relationship between the average effect size of the researches used and anomie. It is necessary to mention that the effect size obtained is average. The effect of aggression on the tendency to quarrel in the research conducted in Lordegan is more than Ahvaz city. Ethnic conflict has a different effect on the tendency to conflict according to different regions, and the size of the effect of ethnocentrism in Khodabande city is lower than average and in Ahvaz, Ilam, and Lordegan is higher than average.

Keywords: meta-analysis, effect size, mass conflict

Introduction:

The phenomenon of conflict and conflict in society is one of those harms that disrupt social relations, creating an atmosphere full of It creates hatred, malice and enmity among people, which causes the society to suffer materially and spiritually by setting the stage for subsequent conflicts and tensions, and confronting it has always been the concern of the guardians of social order and security (Porafkari, 2013: 3). Conflict in general and its collective form, especially in any society, has always been considered as one of the social issues, and if it becomes public and causes public opinion to be hurt, it is treated as a crime from a sociological point of view.

In the field of humanities and social sciences, there are many methods for researching and understanding the reality and social phenomena. Meta-analysis is one of these methods. Meta-analysis is one of the descriptive methods that evaluates the conducted research. Meta-analysis is the statistical analysis of many individual studies and researches in a certain field in order to combine and integrate their results. In the meta-analysis of existing researches, the emphasis is on combining and integrating their results for scientific and practical use. Therefore, meta-analysis is the comparison of the results of other people's research. It means to provide another analysis from the research and the results of the existing research and analysis. This meta-analysis includes all stages of research, i.e. theory, method, results, etc. In the meta-analysis method, we first reach beyond and beyond the primary whole by breaking the components of the whole, then we transfer or transform the primary analysis in such a way that the inappropriate findings are placed in an acceptable framework, and finally, the combined analyzes show information that the primary data did not show. In practice, first the information is extracted from the primary sources and then they are combined with each other and finally they form a new whole.

In this chapter, the overview of the research is discussed and the reader is informed about the field of study. After introducing and proposing the main problem of the research, the importance of the issue is briefly explained. Regarding the issue, discussions are raised that guide the reader for hypotheses, questions and research objectives. In the following, the necessity of conducting research is examined. Then the hypotheses, objectives of the research and at the end of the background of the research are presented.

1-2 Statement of the problem

The occurrence of various crimes in the society, including quarrels, if it is not considered the whole cause of deprivation or reduction of social security, it is undoubtedly one of the most important causes, in fact, the relationship between the occurrence of crime and social security is an inverse relationship. The more crimes, the less social security.Therefore, dealing with insecurity phenomena such as mass conflict should be considered equal to efforts to create social security in the society.  Security can be examined and analyzed in different dimensions and angles, including the objective dimension (real security) and the subjective dimension (feeling of security), in other words, the occurrence of mass conflict, in addition to depriving the physical and objective security of the members of the society, is also considered to be the cause of depriving the mental security and social comfort of the members of a society. The conducted studies show that the security coefficient of Iranian citizens is higher than the security coefficient of Australian and English citizens, but the sense of security of Iranian citizens is lower than the sense of security of Australian and British citizens. The result is that the feeling of security, although it is related to the amount of crime or the security factor in the society, but it depends on other factors as well (Security magazine, 1379, Vol. 11 and 12).

Ethnic conflicts and communal conflicts have existed in every period of history, and this issue has been more prominent in traditional and tribal societies, therefore, conflicts have always been considered as one of the social issues everywhere (Porafkari, 2013). Basically, social damages are caused by unhealthy human relations, which seriously threaten the foundations of society and prevent the fulfillment of the needs and demands of many people. It seems that social damage occurs when the institutions that regulate relationships between people fail and become unstable, which results in the formation of deep gaps between people. In such a situation, the laws regulating human relations are disrespected and shaken because the legality and acceptance of the law is rooted in the structures of the society and can be examined in relation to the general culture of the society (Mahravi, 2011). Dealing with conflict and conflict considers his psychological and social security to be lost, but group conflict is one of the types of conflicts and conflicts that are common in Iranian society, especially tribal communities. Sometimes mocking and insulting the beliefs and opinions of others leads to tribal conflicts. Blind prejudice towards the nation and tribe is also added to cultural causes, the conflict is sometimes rooted in religious and non-religious beliefs and opinions. Mass conflict is one of the common crimes in marginal areas; Because the residents of these areas are usually immigrants from villages and clans, and in some cases, due to minor conflicts between two people - even among children - severe mass fights occur, which usually lead to the death or injury of some of the parties to the conflict. In Delfan, it is a common misconception that a boy is the hearth of the house "a society that produces more boys than girls paradoxically resorts to war to choose a wife" (Bates, 1387).

Conflict in general and its collective form in particular has always been considered as one of the social issues in any society, and if it becomes public and causes public opinion to be hurt, it is treated as a crime from a sociological point of view. becomes Moreover, according to the Islamic Penal Code, any collective conflict and conflict is a crime from a legal point of view, and according to Article 615, if some people quarrel with each other, each of the participants in the conflict will be punished according to the case (Golduzian, 1383).

In this research, the issue of collective conflict as a social phenomenon has been meta-analysed and the factors affecting its formation and the reasons for its continuation have been discussed. The purpose of meta-analysis is how to apply the results of the conducted research and formulated theories in practice. The approach that is concerned with the integration and combination of research under the title of meta-analysis is more than data analysis. In this research, the following 7 researches were selected for analysis.