Searching for the experience of the clients from staying in the reform and education center of Tehran province (year 2012-2014)

Master's Thesis

Social Welfare Department

Abstract

Introduction: The correctional center is a place for correction and rehabilitation of delinquent children and teenagers. In order to successfully implement rehabilitation programs, it is necessary for experts to be informed about the experiences of these people. This study was conducted with the aim of explaining the experiences and views of the clients from staying in the reform and education center of Tehran Province. Method: The present qualitative research used the deductive-inductive content analysis method. The research community was the resident clients and professional staff of the correctional center of Tehran province. 41 people (26 law-abiding teenagers and 15 professional employees) were investigated by purpose-based sampling and data saturation. The data was collected through participatory observation methods, interviews, notes in the field.

Findings: 249 conceptual codes were obtained from the review of the findings. From this number: 65 conceptual codes in the class of interaction of clients with each other (in 1 main sub-class called power), 91 conceptual codes in the class of interaction of clients and staff (in 2 main sub-classes entitled interaction of staff with clients and interaction of clients with staff), 34 conceptual codes in the class of communication between clients with the environment and facilities (in the 2 main sub-categories of material environment and meanings attributed to the environment), 37 codes A concept was placed in the category of client and family interaction (in the 2 main subcategories of clients eligible for face-to-face visits and clients without face-to-face visits) and finally 22 conceptual codes were placed in the category of personal experiences of clients (in the 2 main subcategories, mental preoccupations and beliefs of clients). It was unfavorable in terms of human interactions and boring prison conditions. In addition to the interaction with the objective environment and human interactions, the clients' experiences were also influenced by the continuation of the court's works.

Keywords: delinquent - client - child and adolescent in conflict with the law - correctional center - experience - qualitative research

Introduction

Child and adolescent delinquency is one of the major problems of the current societies of the world. If in the past years this problem was only considered specific to advanced industrial countries, now with the development of industry in the countries of the world or the transfer of its complications and the expansion of urbanization in the world, this phenomenon has become global. Child delinquency is not a new phenomenon. Because the examination of history indicates that ancient societies were familiar with this condition in the past. The importance of this phenomenon has been such that in the ancient laws of many countries, special regulations were provided for this category of criminals. The laws of 306 BC in Rome, the ruling regulations in ancient Iran, the rules of Zoroastrian religion and the criminal laws of Greece had separated their penal regime from adults by providing special standards for young children and teenagers. In all these systems, milder punishments were considered for delinquent children than for adults. The Islamic criminal system also implemented a progressive and appropriate approach to children's delinquency with the new military foundation. In this system, children are not criminally responsible until they reach the age of legal maturity (1). Before the start and spread of the support movements for delinquent children, custody in boarding institutions was mostly considered the only solution for the education of this category of children and adolescents, and these institutions were run in the form of disciplinary institutions, often in a harsh and far from flexible and gentle manner, and its strict disciplinary system did not differ much from prisons for adults. But the more the issues related to children were examined and paid more attention to and the judicial regimes of children changed and evolved, the educational and support methods, which were the last and most important treatment and prevention of delinquency in this hierarchy, became more important in a way that in advanced and developing societies, most of the educational institutions are trying not to resemble the disciplinary institutions of the past, and in educational institutions, the most advanced educational methods are being implemented and as far as possible, the needs And the deficiencies of maladjusted and delinquent children and teenagers should be met and supplied (2).

1-2) Statement of the problem

Nowadays, most of the great educational schools are based on the opinion that the education and upbringing of a person starts from birth, then during the following periods in the family, school and.until he enters the society, he passes his final and perfect stages, and in the following, they recommend that in order to preserve and survive the society and prevent its degradation and disorder, the utmost care and attention should be paid in the education of the members of the society, if, according to various circumstances or causes and complications such as physical and mental defects, unfavorable conditions of the educational environment, or other factors, people are found who cannot harmonize themselves with the order of the society, and by committing crimes and deviant behaviors, calmness and disturb the ruling order, the society is obliged to adopt the necessary measures in order to reform and rehabilitate them or, depending on the circumstances, to punish and reject the guilty person (2). In this regard, society's responsibility towards delinquent children and young people is much heavier than adult criminals. According to the regulations of Beijing[1], children are subject to protective and educational measures and are not entitled to punishment (3) and (4). Therefore, if there is negligence in the correction and education or treatment of children and adolescents and it is not appropriate to the age conditions and special characteristics of adolescence, it will become an irreparable problem in addition to the current problems of the society; that no one will be safe from the sting of this calamity and the indifference of the authorities in this regard will make the knot of this social problem even worse.  Because several studies have shown that most dangerous professional criminals are among those who committed their first crime in childhood and adolescence (5). The spread of crime and social deviance in teenagers will be a serious alarm for the family, society and social planners, because most of the tendencies, ideals and determination of people's life goals are about to be developed in the teenage stage, and if the tendency to deviate for any reason appears in the teenager, it can turn him into a dangerous criminal in the future, which will cause huge and perhaps irreparable losses to the body and social order (6). The most difficult period of human life in terms of education is adolescence. This period does not have a specific boundary, but it covers the age of 12 to 18 years and is academically equivalent to middle school and high school. The most educational problems occur in this period and it is often in this period that children either get lost or step on the path of happiness. In this period, which is the stage of transition from childhood to youth, on the one hand, the teenager is emigrating from his childhood dependencies, and on the other hand, he does not have the necessary ability to solve many problems, and this intellectual and psychological fluctuation creates helplessness, instability, and sometimes distress and ambiguity in him and robs him of mental peace (7). Adolescence is the time of discovery or in better words awareness of cultural, social and spiritual values. Due to the lack of personality development and the lack of formation of a teenager's attitude towards life, the struggles and conflicts caused by this awareness create a state of revolution and crisis for the teenager and for this reason make him a relatively fragile being who is affected by what surrounds him (8). Knowing the characteristics of adolescence doubles the need to pay attention to this group, especially delinquent teenagers. Due to biological, psychological and social developments, teenagers have needs and expectations that, if not properly attended to, may lead to anti-social and deviant behaviors such as conduct disorder, aggression, school truancy, vandalism and delinquency (9). The deviant behavior of teenagers who have not yet reached the legal age is called delinquency, and the teenagers who commit these behaviors are called delinquents (9). The term "criminal" refers to people who have committed acts against the norms, laws or religious standards of the society. Due to the fact that these rulings are different in different societies, a person who violates in one society may be free of violation in other societies. In Iran, criminality is defined as all crimes that, if committed, are punishable by retribution, diat, hudud, and punishment (10). Also, the term "delinquent child" refers to someone who commits an act that is prohibited by the law or Sharia, or abandons an act that is considered obligatory and necessary, such a person is considered a sinner and a criminal in Islam, and if he does not repent, he must be punished, whether or not there is a specific limit and sentence for his crime, and in the second case, he will be disciplined and punished by the order of the ruler of the Sharia, the comprehensive mujtahid and the competent authority (4).