Analysis and review of sociological perspectives in the discovery of veiling from (the perspective of social action)

Dissertation for Master degree (M.A)

Persian language and literature trend

Abstract of the thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained):

In the late 4th and early 5th centuries of Hijri, Iran, especially Khorasan, was in chaos and anxiety in the political situation, civil wars, the increasing number of religious sects and the dispute over the legitimacy of each one. is Political and religious disturbances had led to the spread of insecurity, poverty and looting and other social disturbances.

Among the fanatical and hypocritical imams and sheikhs, each of whom is seeking power and popularity, Hajwiri, a pure mystic appeared, who had a tremendous impact on the people of that era with his loving behavior and speech combined with tolerance and patriotism and by relying on his knowledge and knowledge and with patience and tolerance. And with his actions and behavior and special educational methods, he has treated the people of the society without any hostility and violence and has turned many anti-values ??into values. By traveling long distances and long journeys to Islamic lands, Hajwiri benefited from the presence of great mystics and Sufis, and considering the importance of Sufism and mysticism as one of the religious institutions of society, he had a tremendous impact on people, especially in the prevailing atmosphere of that era. This research has tried to explain the causal relationship between the text of Kashf al-Mahjub and politics, society, religion and . Paying attention to the content of the book Kashf al-Mahjub, which reflects the political and social conditions of society in the late fifth and early sixth centuries of Hijri, analyze it based on the perspective of sociological social action based on the structure of society, culture, Hajwiri's personality. Key words: social action (community structure, personality, culture), Abolhasan Ali bin Othman Hajwiri, Kashf al-Mahjob. Research:

Sociology is a science that studies and researches the social life of people of various societies according to the existing social institutions and social relations that govern it.

The literature of each period represents the moods and social ups and downs that change in different times and finds its own meaning and meaning in each era, so that the social situation of each period can be recognized and reflected in the literature of that period; The literature of each era has its own social color.

Sociology of literature is a branch of sociology that examines the construction and social function of literature and the relationships between society and literature and the laws that govern it

This science examines the structure and content of the literary work and its relationship with the structure and developments of the society and pays attention to the environment that actually contains the elements of climate, political and social conditions governing the nation. The link between the construction of society and the literary work raises the category of "literature sociology" and prompts researchers to study the relationship between the literary work and society and look at the past through literary works.

Sociologists study society with three theories: 1- functionalism, functinnelism, opposition, and social action. Functionalists study the relationship. The parts of the society deal with each other and with the whole society. For example, religious beliefs and customs of a society are analyzed by showing how it is related to other institutions of the society. In the theory of conflict, their attention is more on issues of power, inequality, conflict and conflict, and they consider society to be composed of separate groups, each of which seeks its own interests. The above two opinions emphasize the structures that are the bedrock of society and are effective on human behavior. The theory of social action pays more attention to the action and interaction of society members in shaping these structures. The theory of social action focuses on the analysis of the behavior of individual actors and their orientation towards each other and the society. Social action is all human behavior that is motivated and guided by meanings that attract the actor's attention and he discovers them in the outside world and responds to them. This action is interpreted with the mentality of the actor. That is, based on the perception he has of his environment, the feelings that arouse him, the thoughts he has in his head, the motivations that prompt him to act (the meaning of actor, it can be an individual, a group, an organization, a region, a society or a civilization).

And since actions have social characteristics and values ??are effective in them, social action is studied according to the social system which is composed of cultural and personality system.

Kashf al-Mahjoob book can be examined according to all three above theories, such as the analysis of religious beliefs and customs according to the functionalist theory or the analysis of social classes and social inequalities and their examination according to the conflict theory. In this research, we try to analyze and examine Hajaveiri's point of view in terms of his social action against the values, norms and by mentioning the mentioned issues. existing in the society of that era and answer this question, was Hajviri influenced by the culture and values ??of his time and his view in terms of social action was in accordance with the norms of the society? Social action

1-2-2 Partial goals:

Explaining the importance and role of hajwiri in the Sufi society of the fifth century

1-3 The importance of the research topic and the motivation for its selection:

Sociology of literature is the scientific study of the content of the literary work and its nature in relation to other aspects of social life, which is the source of many political, historical, religious, moral and other events and currents. It is the result of social and cultural changes. Throughout history, we have always witnessed the emergence of people who moved and took steps against and different from the currents ruling the society. This has made them popular with the people and they have been very influential in the society. I believe that among the Sufis of the 5th century Hijri, a person like Hajwiri, in addition to knowing people and society, has been very influential on his society. Now we are going to examine the book Kashf al-Mahjoob from a sociological perspective, so that the nature and causes of many of his behaviors and actions will be revealed to us with regard to the society of that time.

1-4-1 main question:

How effective was Hajwiri (Abul Hasan Ali bin Othman) in the evolution of the values ??of his era?

1-4-2 sub-question

What were the reasons for Hajwiri's success in the Sufism community? The chaos of the 5th century of Hijri and the instability of sultans and emirs, the spread of chaos and injustice, poverty and scarcity, distress and insecurity, dry religious prejudices, differences between sects and the prevalence of different sects, unreasonable exploitation (Piracy) of other people's works and prejudice and partiality of one Sufi over another Sufi, the gathering of disciples around one Sufi and away from another Sufi, the prevalence of superstitions and sectarianism are the obvious characteristics of Khorasan. Neishabur, Ghazna and Many cities in Iran date back to the 5th century. As the foundation of cultures in society is determined by factors such as healthy and unhealthy thoughts and ideas, right and wrong ideas, norms and anomalies, what is desirable, valuable and desirable and what is not. It is these abstract ideas and thoughts that give meaning to people in their interaction with the society and cause cultural values ??and its reflection in the society. These factors together shape the behavior of people and cause the formation of the society's culture.

From the society of the 5th century of Iran, the prevalence of anti-values ??such as trickery and trickery, lies and hypocrisy, bigotry and sectarianism and so on. With the spread of anti-values, Hajviri as a free-thinking Sufi and dervish tried to avoid these issues and relied on the behavior and speech of elders and imams, and left a tremendous impact on the society and culture of that era. Second:

Hajawiri's Sufism and Mysticism is positive to a large extent, because by traveling a lot and seeing different people and societies, he gained a lot of experience, sometimes he was among people and lived like ordinary people, and sometimes he stayed away from people and stood next to elders, sheikhs, and Sufis, or he sat and stood, for this reason, he avoided the sick asceticism and austerities that were prevalent in that era. And by enduring the hardships, harassments, unwillingness and various failures that were inflicted on him by the people, he was looking for the way, the health and the health of a perfect human being. His tolerance and patience have made him successful in the society.