Analysis of the discourse of BBC Persian TV about the "coup d'etat of August 28, 1332"

Abstract

The present study seeks to investigate and discover the discourse or discourses formed around the August 28 coup on BBC Persian TV in the "Special 60th Anniversary of the August 28 Coup" reports. For this purpose, theories such as media representation, framing, conceptualization, discourse theory and media diplomacy have been used. The method used in the present research is discourse analysis using the Van Dyke discourse mining approach. The text under study in this research is 7 reports and documentaries "Mossadegh, Oil and Coup", which were selected by purposive sampling method after review and subjected to exploratory discourse. The findings of the research show that the texts of all reports and documentaries have many similarities in terms of lexical style, people and institutions mentioned in the text, polarization, citations, defaults, implicit implications, elements of consensus and agreement, and basic propositions. According to the findings of the research, the main framework on the agenda in these reports and the documentary about the August 28 coup was the "framework of Western media diplomacy", which includes common discourses such as the discourse of Iranian nationalism, the discourse of national interests, the discourse of American superpower, the anti-arrogance discourse, and the discourse of pacifism, the discourse of religious leaders' betrayal of national interests, the discourse of surrender and compromise, and questioning the discourse of political Islam in view of The philosophical and epistemological foundations of the reference framework are highlighted in each report. Each of these reports have also presented their ideas based on the constructed discourses.

Key words: coup d'etat of 28 August 1332, special reports of the 60th anniversary of the coup d'etat of 28 August, BBC Persian TV, discourse, analysis of discourse, history Whether we know social realities (McQuail, 2015, p. 95) or related to social changes, what is certain is the influence of mass media on its audience. This is why these media are generally used by economic and political powers for specific purposes. Although the function of a specific mass media depends to some extent on its ownership (McQuail, 2015, p.97), but governments always establish certain contents for the media by creating specific laws that affect the policies and orientations of these media in various political and social fields.

On the other hand, one of the functions of the media is to explain, interpret and explain historical and social realities (Qandi, 1387, p. 47) which occurs at different national and international levels. The coup d'état on August 28, 1332, which was carried out against the legal government of Dr. Mossadegh, is one of these important historical events in Iran, where historical documents prove the involvement of the governments of the United States of America and England in this event (Abrahamian, 1388; Behnoud, 1371). This incident led to the dismissal of Dr. Mossadegh and the appointment of Zahedi as the prime minister. BBC Persian TV, which has been operating since 2007, prepared and broadcast various programs in various fields to interpret this historical event on the 60th anniversary of this event. Among these programs, we can mention a news report, an interview (in other words), an interactive program (your turn), a panel discussion (Pergar), art (Tamasha), a documentary (Mossadegh, Naft, the coup) and a movie (Women Without Men), all of which were somehow dedicated to the events of the 28 August 1332 coup.

On the one hand, broadcasting such detailed programs in different genres about this reality. Historically, it shows the importance of this event for this propaganda company. On the other hand, the way of interpreting and explaining the coup of August 28, in which the British government also played an active role, has become a fact that both the media ownership and the ideology of the news organizations play an important role in the direction of the contents of a particular media (Chomsky quoted by Sorin and Tankard, 1388, p. 350). Therefore, following a certain ideology can affect the way of dealing with social, political and historical realities. Therefore, this research analyzes the discourse of different BBC Persian programs in relation to the 28 August 1332 coup. In other words, this research analyzes the specific ideology of the BBC media organization It is a representation of the coup d'état of August 28, 1332.As mentioned earlier, considering the role of the British government during this historical event and the dependence of the BBC Persian media organization on the British government, the analysis of the discourse of these programs can lead to the analysis and investigation of the way this media is paid and its specific ideology. as a light for the future generations of that country. Therefore, it seems necessary to protect and preserve it from distortion and manipulation. The country of Iran had a past full of ups and downs, which is considered valuable to be familiar with and take care of it against distortions. The importance of this issue can also be seen in the statements of the Supreme Leader: "I advise dear young people, get familiar with the recent history of your country. One of the ways of deception and seduction is the distortion of history, which is done in abundance today. (Statements of the Supreme Leader in a meeting with the people of Kashan, Aran and Bidgol 08/20/1380)

In the summer of 1392, which coincided with the 60th anniversary of the coup d'état on August 28, 1332, the documents of this event were published by the government and the United States, which showed the government's clear involvement in Iran's internal affairs and their important role in overthrowing the Mossadegh government during the coup. When official documents are published about a historical fact, the media considers it as news (Badiei and Ghandi, 2018, p. 63) and interprets and explains it. Considering the economic dependence of BBC Farsi on the British government and taking into account the obvious role of this government in the course of the coup, the interpretation of the coup by this media is worthy of consideration and can influence the audience's perception of the published documents. Even many of the Persian-speaking audience of this media do not have much access and possibility to follow the original published documents (which are in English). Considering the importance of the August 28 coup incident in Iran's contemporary history and its influence on many historical events of the last 60 years, it is important to know what kind of analysis a high-profile media such as BBC Persian TV presents on this event. Also, providing a correct and scientific analysis of BBC Persian TV's coverage of the August 28 coup incident will be useful for the country's media policy makers; Because by showing the guiding ideology of these programs, they can both show this ideology to their domestic and foreign audiences and have a correct analysis of the August 28 coup and its perpetrators according to historical events and available documents. Also, due to the importance of ownership and ideology in directing the content of media programs, understanding this ideology can be effective in predicting the programs of this network in similar cases.

The study of the discourse of this network makes it possible to understand their position and, in fact, the position of the owners, administrators and the government supporting this network towards the historical events of our country. Because the discourse of the media shows a reflection of the prevailing political atmosphere, political competition and power sphere.

The result of such analysis and knowledge can of course clearly define the type of exposure, encounter and reaction to the media policies of our competitors. Also, the knowledge and understanding of the ideologies governing the media texts of our competitors will be clearly useful in our internal and external media policies and lead to the neutralization of conspiracies by governments that see their interests in eliminating the popular systems of developing countries. The dominant discourses of BBC Persian TV about the 28 August coup d'état

Sub-objectives:

Knowing the concept or ideas created about the 28 August coup d'état in BBC Persian TV

Knowing the biases and media framing of BBC Persian TV about the coup d'état 28 August

4-1- Research questions

Question Main:

What was the discourse or discourses of BBC Persian TV regarding the "coup of 28 August"?

Sub-questions:

What vocabulary system (positive and negative) have been used by the texts "special programs for the 60th anniversary of the coup of 28 August"?

2.

Citing or citing evidence in the texts How was the "special programs for the 60th anniversary of the 28 Mardad coup"?

What were the assumptions raised in the "special programs for the 60th anniversary of the 28 Mardad coup"?

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