Investigating the attitude of native students towards non-natives and its effect on the level of social trust in Bandar Abbas Azad University

Abstract

Many evidences indicate the decline of social trust in all dimensions and emotional and particularistic bias in the relations of activists at all levels in Iran. On the one hand, the issue of social trust in the university, as an environment that contains people from different groups and cultures, the need for trust as a glue that binds these different groups becomes doubly important. Therefore, the main question of the present research is what is the attitude of native students towards non-native students and what effect does this attitude have on the trust between these two groups of students? made by the researcher, were investigated. The results of the research showed that there is a significant and direct correlation between the attitude of native students towards non-native and social trust towards non-native students. Also, there is a significant and direct correlation between face-to-face relationships and social trust towards non-native students, but there is no significant and direct correlation between the amount of social participation of native students and social trust towards non-native students.

Life in the student and university environment is full of different events and happenings. As a sociology student, I always witnessed different friendships and friendship groups. In the classroom, in the buffet, in the dormitory life and . But carefully in the manner and nature of these friendship groups, I noticed certain similarities and differences, not in all friendship groups of the university and mainly in most of them there was a special division, apparently in our university not everyone became friends with everyone, like in all areas of social life. But gradually I realized that an important factor such as being native or not is influential in the formation of friendship groups. The effect of this variable was apart from variables such as ethnicity, same language, and same city. Therefore, my first mental question that finally brought me to the current subject with the advice of my supervisor was the attitude of native students to non-native and vice versa. Based on this, it can be said that the starting question of my research, which formed the topic of the thesis, is what is the attitude of native students towards non-native students and what effect does this attitude have on the trust between these two groups of students?

1.1 Introduction

Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas branch was established in 1363 and started its activity with two courses in associate degree. Qualitative development of the university since 2007, along with quantitative development, has been followed by the development of graduate education courses, research and research, increase in scientific production, quality improvement with the aim of competing with prestigious domestic and foreign universities. Currently, Bandar Abbas Islamic Azad University is the largest higher education complex in the province, and the total number of students studying in Bandar Abbas Islamic Azad University is over 11,000.[1] The increase in population caused by the migration of non-native students to Bandar Abbas city has brought harm and opportunities, one of these harms is the reduction of social trust between native and non-native university students. It was mostly due to attention to the issue of social order and social development. In such a way that trust, order, solidarity have been the most important concepts in the thought of sociological classics such as Durkheim, Weber, Tunis (Chalbi, 1375).

In recent decades, social trust has been considered with the concept of social capital. Background

Today, the concept of social capital itself goes back to 80 years ago and in the writings of Ledaji Hanifan, the head of Virginia schools at the time. And James Coleman (1988) brought this concept into the political arena for the first time in North America. His efforts were followed up by Putnam in Europe (Alwani, 2011) and nowadays due to the importance of this concept in the new life system, it has been given a lot of attention in such a way that we witness a huge wave of thoughts and researches in this field, which is mostly inspired by the researches of recent thinkers such as Coleman, Putnam, Zatomka, Seligman, Inglehart, Paxton, Giddens, Fukuyama, Grisham, Bourdieu and others.

Different researchers have looked at the issue of trust from different perspectives and explained the reasons for trust, strengthening and promoting it, consequences and effects of reducing and weakening it. Meanwhile, some like Fukuyama have paid more attention to economic aspects; And some others like Putnam have dealt with its political dimensions and sociologists like Chun Giddens have paid more attention to its sociological dimensions. In the table below, we have tried to give the summaries of famous social trust researchers. This table shows the dynamics that different theorists have obtained in explaining this concept. In the second chapter, we will mention in detail the opinions of different thinkers regarding social trust, and it will be seen from what different dimensions this concept has been investigated and theorized. 1.3 Statement of the problem Lewis Werth believes that the size of a society increases the diversity in the population. The larger the population, the greater the spatial separation based on race, ethnicity, and status. Spatial separation in the city weakens the bonds of neighborhood and feelings that small communities enjoy. The weakening of these links strengthens the competition and the necessity of the presence of official supervision (Mommataz: 1379: 139-140)

George Simmel, with a psychological approach to the spirit of those who live in big cities, believes that there are large and numerous groups active and acting and reacting in megacities, but their goal is profit seeking and individual motives. (Tusli: 1370: 72)

"The greatness of a society" also leads to other phenomena, the limitation of foreign relations; This means that in large groups people do not know each other well or only know a part of a person's personality that they are in contact with. Intimate acquaintances decrease and social contacts are cut. Interactions in large groups become instrumental, that is, people interact based on specific goals. These characteristics make superficial relationships fleeting and anonymous. While in this type of relationship, a person finds a certain amount of freedom from the limitations of personal and emotional relationships, but on the other hand, he loses his own agreements and the sense of belonging and close participation. Living and working with a large group of people who have no emotional connection at the same time increases the sense of competition and mutual exploitation. At the same time, it causes a kind of relativistic and tolerant view, which is the basis for the emergence of rationality in urban society. But living apart from each other causes a feeling of anomie and disorganization of personality. In the conditions of a dense population, the need for specialization and differentiation increases and the complexity of social construction increases in the same way. Close contacts increase countless distances in social relations. (Ibid.: 141-140)

Many evidences indicate the decrease of social trust in all dimensions and emotional and particularistic bias in the relations of activists at all levels in Iran. Therefore, trust can be considered as a central and influential issue on other contemporary sociological issues of the country. (Arasteh, 1388: 104)

Ztumka proposes three types of signs for trust based on the three dimensions of trust: in his opinion, trust as a relationship, trusting is based on the estimate we have of the ability of others, and in this case, the ability to trust may be a reflection of others that is considered as a subjective factor in fulfilling trust. This sign of trust has an epistemological nature; In these cases, there is certain information about the trusted people in the hands of the trusted people, which may be true or false, true or false. Therefore, the probability of proper trust depends on the amount and variety of correct information obtained from others. Without such an understanding, trust is blind and the risk of losing trust is high (Kausi, 2015).

Similarly, in terms of the cultural dimension, genealogy is the basis of trust. However, at different levels we are encouraged to trust or distrust surrounded by cultural norms. We may yield to the coercive pressures of the culture and obey the cultural demands of trust or distrust without having an estimate of the trustworthiness of others, or of our own trusting tendencies.