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Investigating the validity of news at 21:00 on Channel 1 among female communication students

Number of pages: 195 File Format: word File Code: 30066
Year: 2003 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Social Sciences - Sociology
Tags/Keywords: Credit amount - News - News credibility - Students
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  • Summary of Investigating the validity of news at 21:00 on Channel 1 among female communication students

    Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A)

    Trend: Research in Communication

    Dissertation abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and obtained results):

    The aim of the research is to achieve the level of trust of television news viewers in the 21:00 news section of Channel 1 according to individual conditions (age, years of education and marriage, etc.) and to investigate the effective factors in the level of people's trust in the news sections of the hour. 21. Obtaining the opinion of the viewers about the extent of their attention to the types of news and obtaining the extent of the use of news sources by the viewers. The statistical population includes all the female students of Azad Islamic University, Department of Communication, who were selected by sampling method based on Cochran's formula. The research method is a survey, which has been analyzed using chi-square statistical tests. Sections related to literature and theories have been examined and presented by referring to the library. In order to carry out his personal and social activities, modern man needs information and news that surrounds his living and worldly environment. Man always needs to be aware of the ways in which he lives and the environment in which he is struggling, and to provide his information needs like other needs of life, and by knowing the credibility and taste of the news audience, it is possible to provide the necessary infrastructure for activities more in line with the demands of the audience. The results of the test showed that there is no relationship between the variables of age, academic year, interest of the respondents with their level of trust in the 21:00 news, but there is a significant relationship between the variables of impartiality, weaknesses, selection and adjustment of news with the level of trust of the respondents. People whose academic year has been too long have less trust in this department than others. The general result indicates that as the academic year increases, the level of trust in news has decreased. 

    1 The importance of the research topic and the motivation to choose it

    With a quick look at the history of human life, we can reach the conclusion that at no time has it been possible to access various information and news like today, and this is a process that is accelerating more and more with the passage of time. In the meantime, mass communication media (newspaper, radio, television, cinema) have played the most important role by publishing various news and messages, and by transmitting new information and exchanging ideas, they have taken positive steps towards the progress of human culture and civilization. Awareness and the ability to act in spreading the message is in a wide range. Therefore, the news will be the most important part of informing in these media. Because it plays a major role in creating political-social-economic awareness, which is considered a necessity to preserve the life and transformation of the society. News is at the top of television programs and among the world's television channels, it has become a compensation for the competition of these media in the field of information; Currently, television networks are facing a new form of news delivery, all their efforts are in providing the latest news and information of the world to the audience, so these networks have considered news broadcasting as a field of development and competition for their activities. With the development of television networks in the world and the introduction of the Internet - satellite television to the scene, there is a new stage in the way of informing because at this point, gatekeeping and one-sidedness of news no longer makes sense because the audience compares news from different sources due to having access to different sources of information.

    At this time, the most reliance is on the receiving element with the audience, it is the audience that determines in what ways and what kind of news the media will reflect.

    Turning the means of communication Today, in all stages of the process of preparing and broadcasting the news, the audience is present and watching.

    On the other hand, in the last few years, with the expansion of the specialized field called communication and journalism in our country, and the training of experts in this field, it has caused us to examine the news from an expert point of view.

    On the other hand, in the last few years, with the expansion of the press in the same proportion as the expansion of the specialized field called communication and journalism in our country and the training of experts in this field, it has caused us to examine the news from an expert point of view several times. Therefore, in this research, we have tried to examine the attitude of the female students of this field about the news of Sima. phenomena and events, this media activity is of such importance that it is considered the most natural function of the media, and a major part of the power, financial resources and facilities of every media, including visual, audio and written, is dedicated to it. Because any communication is done with the aim of influencing the audience, therefore media policy makers are trying to achieve it, since today's audience is choosy and the wide range of different media networks has increased their power of choice, and in such a situation, the credibility of the media depends to a large extent on the level of satisfaction and persuasion of the audience. Being educated, they have a special dignity and respect among families, and they are active and influential elements in most elections. Another factor to pay attention to this group in this research is that students are curious and analytical young people who, in terms of study opportunity, have enough time to study and think, and in terms of maturity, they are at an age where they have reached intellectual maturity. The needs and views of this group in collecting, organizing and presenting news will cause the news to be ignored among the society and as a result, it will have no result except waste of time, money and capital for the media operators.

    The needs of this group of the audience are a function of their age, job, education, social conditions and different interests, and in order to improve the quality of the news, those conditions and interests must be known and planned accordingly.

     

     

     

    1-3 Statement of Research Objectives

    1-3-1 General Objective

    Knowing the credibility of the news at 21:00 on the first channel among female students of communication field

    1-3-2 Partial Objectives

    Besides the general objectives, we will discuss the partial objectives of this research:

    1-

    2-

    3-

    Finding the level of interest of female communication students in controversial and exciting authority

    Examining the views of female communication students on the degree of neutrality of the news at 21:00, Channel 1

    Finding the opinions of female communication students about the weaknesses of the test at 21:00, Channel 1

    Finding the opinions of female communication students about the extent to which political tendencies are applied in the preparation of the news at 21:00, Channel 1

    Review The opinions of female communication students regarding the effect of the speaker's tone and face on increasing confidence in the test at 9:00 p.m.

    Obtaining the opinions of female communication students regarding the duration of the 9:00 p.m. news

    Obtaining the opinions of female communication students about the necessity of broadcasting news and video reports on the 9:00 p.m. news

    Obtaining the opinions of female communication students regarding the necessity of broadcasting news and video reports on the 9:00 p.m. First

    Obtaining the opinions of female communication students about the best ways to present news in the 21:00 news of Channel 1

    1-4 Research questions and hypotheses

    1-4-1 Research questions

    Is there a significant relationship between the age of female communication students and their trust in the 21:00 news of Channel 1?

    Is there a significant relationship between the entry year of female communication students and Is there a significant relationship between the level of their trust in the 21:00 news of Channel 1?

    Is there a significant relationship between the level of interest in the political news of Channel 1 and the level of trust of the female communication students?

    Is there a significant relationship between the degree of impartiality in the 21:00 news and the level of trust of the female communication students?

    Is there a significant relationship between the weaknesses of the 21:00 news and the trust of female communication students in that news broadcast? Is there any?

    Is there a significant relationship between the amount of applying factional political tendencies in the setting of the news at 9 PM on Channel One and the level of students' trust in this news section?

     

     

    1-4-2 Hypothesis

    It seems that there is a significant relationship between the age of female communication students and their level of trust in the news of Channel One at 9 PM.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the validity of news at 21:00 on Channel 1 among female communication students

    List:

    -1 The importance of the research topic and the motivation for choosing it. 1

    1-2 statement of the problem. 2

    1-3 statement of research objectives. 3

    1-3-1 general purpose. 3

    1-3-2 minor objectives. 4

    1-4 research questions and hypotheses. 5

    1-4-1 Research questions. 5

    1-4-2 hypothesis. 5

    1-5 operational definitions of variables and keywords. 6

    The second chapter:. 9

    Theoretical preparation of the research. 9

    Part I. 9

    2-1 news. 9

    2-1-1 Definition of news. 9

    2-1-2 news values. 11

    2-1-2-1 inclusion. 11

    2-1-2-3 collision, dispute and conflict. 12

    2-1-2-4. Exception and surprise. 12

    2-1-2-5. The magnitude and frequency of the number and quantity. 13

    2-1-2-6 proximity. 13

    2-1-2-7. novelty 13

    2-1-2 twelve values. 14

    2-1-2-1 frequency:. 15

    2-1-2-2 Threshold:. 16

    -2-1-2-3 lack of ambiguity:. 17

    2-1-2-4 being meaningful. 17

    2-1-2-5 consonance and harmony:. 18

    2-1-2-6 Unexpectedness:. 19

    2-1-2-7. Continuity: 19

    2-1-2-8. Composition: 19

    2-1-2-9. Reference or representation to the chosen nations. 20

    2-1-2-10. Selected persons to refer: 21

    2-1-2-11. Characterization: 22

    2-1-2-12. Negativity: 23

    2-1-3 news elements. 26

    News writing in mass media. 28

    2-4-1-4 news writing styles. 32

    -           2-1-4-1 inverted pyramid style:. 33

    -           2-1-4-2 historical style. 33

    -           2-1-4-3 historical style with lead. 34

    -           2-1-4-4 Amazing finishing style. 34

    -           2-1-4-5  Backward style and descriptive style. 34

    The second part:. 35

    -           2-2-3-1 Definition of censorship. 45

    -           2-2-3-2 types of censorship. 48

    -           2-2-3-3 Effects and consequences of censorship. 51

    The third part:. 52

    2-3 Audience. 52

    2-3-1 Definition of audience. 53

    2-3-2 The role of knowing the audience in sending news. 54

    2-3-3 traditions of audience research. 55

    2-3-3-1 Characteristics of structuralist traditions in audience research. 55

    2-3-3-2 Characteristics of behaviorist traditions in the research audience: 56

    2-3-4 Cultural traditions and reception analysis. 57

    2-3-5 motivational factors in the audience. 58

    2-3-6 Changing the motivation of the audience. 58

    2-3-7 The role of needs in the effective absorption of news. 59

    2-3-8 The role of attitudes on the effective absorption of news. 62

    2-3-2 The role of credibility in news. 66

    Factors to create credibility for the news. 69

    Part IV. 75

    2-4 persuasive communication theories. 75

    -           2-4-1 Persuasion:. 75

    -           2-4-2 History of persuasion:. 76

    -           2-4-3    Concept of persuasion. 76

    -           2-4-4 Features of persuasion. 77

    -           2-4-5 theories of persuasion:. 78

    -           2-4-5-1 due diligence model:. 78

    -           2-4-5-2-Isthahadi model - systematic:. 80

    -           2-4-6 Television and persuasion:. 84

    2-5 The role of credibility in news. 86

    2-5-1 Factors to create credibility for the news. 89

    2-5-1-1 source in the news (reliability). 89

    2-5-1-2 Objective and truthfulness of the news. 91

    2-5-1-3 attractiveness in presenting news. 92

    2-5-1-4 form of news presentation:. 92

    2-5-1-5 Understandability. 93

    2-5-1-6 Satisfying the audience's news needs. 93

    2-5-2 Factors affecting the credibility of news. 94

    2-5-2-1 Dishonesty in the news release process. 94

    2-5-1 Exaggeration and exaggeration in the process of publishing news:. 95

    2-5-2-3 distortion:. 95

    2-5-2-4 censorship:. 96

    2-5-2-5 Lack of impartiality in presenting news:. 96

    Part six:. 98

    2-6 Structure of TV news. 98

    2-6-1 Purposefulness, comprehensiveness and unity of the subject. 98

    2-6-2 Plato. 99

    2-6-3 Speech of news text (Narration). 102

    2-6-3-1 full version:. 102

    2-6-3-2 partial version:. 102

    2-6-4 sound effects. 103

    2-6-5 visual effects. 104

    2-6-6 Sound and image coherence. 105

    2-6-7 Technical payment of news. 106

    2-6-8 News period. 106

    2-6-9 types of TV news. 107

    2-6-10 news writing for radio and television.110

    Part Seven. 113

    2-7 Theoretical framework. 113

    2-7-1 The formation of public opinion in the Neol-Neoman model (the spiral model of silence). 113

    2-7-2 theory of injection needle (magic bullet). 116

    2-7-3 communication process in injection needle. 117

    2-7-5 Theory of needs. 120

    2-7-6 pattern of cognitive coordination and dissonance. 121

    Part VIII. 123

    2-8 research background. 123

    The third chapter:. 125

    Research identification method (methodology). 125

    Introduction: (You research). 125

    Chapter Four:. 128

    4-1 Analysis of research findings. 128

    4-1-1 Summary and description of findings:. 128

    4-1-1-1 Description of Table 4-1. 129

    4-1-1-2 Description of Table 4-2. 130

    4-1-1-3 Description of table 4-3. 132

    4-1-1-4 Description of Table 4-4. 132

    4-1-1-5 Description of table 4-5. 133

    -1-1-6 Description of table number 6-4. 134

    4-1-1-7 Description of table number 4-7. 135

    4-1-1-8 Description of table number 4-8. 137

    4-1-1-9 Description of Table 9-4. 138

    4-1-1-10 Description of Table 4-10. 138

    4-1-1-11 Description of Table 4-11. 139

    4-1-1-12 Description of Table 4-12. 140

    4-1-1-13 Description of Table 4-13. 141

    4-1-1-14 Description of Table 4-14. 142

    4-1-1-15 Description of Table 4-15. 143

    4-1-1-16 Description of Table 4-16. 144

    4-1-1-17 Description of Table 4-17. 145

    4-1-1-18 Description of Table 4-18. 146

    4-1-1-19 Description of Table 4-19. 147

    4-1-1-20 Description of Table 4-20. 148

    4-1-1-21 Description of Table 4-21. 150

    4-1-1-22 Description of table 4-22. 151

    4-1-1-23 Description of table 4-23. 152

    4-1-1-24 Description of Table 4-24. 153

    4-1-1-25 Description of Table 4-25. 154

    4-1-1-26 Description of table 4-26. 155

    4-2-1 Summarizing the analysis of findings:. 156

    4-2-1 The relationship between the age of the respondents and their trust in the news at 9 p.m. 157

    - 4-2-2 The relationship between the years of education of the respondents and their trust in the news at 9 p.m. 159

    - 4-2-3 The relationship between the type of interest of the respondents and their trust in the news at 9 p.m. 161

    -       7-4-2-7 The relationship between the regulation of news based on political and factional tendencies with the level of respondents' trust in the news at 9 pm 168

    Chapter five:. 169

    Conclusion and suggestions. 169

    5-1 Conclusion. 169

    5-2 suggestions. 171

    -           5-2-1 Suggestions to the officials of the news department of Cima Channel 1. 171

    5-2-2 Suggestions to policy makers and media planners of the country. 172

    5-2-3 Suggestions for further research. 173

    English abstract. 174

    Sources and sources. 175

    Persian sources:. 175

    English sources:. 183

    Source:

    Sources and references

    Persian sources:

    Abutrabian, Hossein. The power of Napoleon's spearhead or atomic energy? ! ", Report Monthly, Year 6, No. 65, 1375.

    Asadi, Ali. Public Opinions and Communications, Tehran, Soroush, 1371.

    Asadi, Ali (1371); public opinion and communication; first edition; Radio and Television Press of the Republic of Iran.

    Practical Principles of Journalism and News Reporting in Radio and Television by Hojatullah Abbasi, Soroush Publications, Tehran 1379,

    Al Gibson, Martin, Journalism in the Electronic Age, Mohsen Tagvi, Aine Kitab Publications, Tehran, 1371

    Amjad, Mohammad (1381); "The nature of public opinion and how it is formed"; public relations; No. 25, pp. pp. 12-14.

    Badiei, Naeem. "News selection criteria, which news, why?" ", Media Quarterly, Tehran, Center for Media Studies and Research, 1st year, No. 1 1369.

    Balig Nasser (1380). Programming Experiences in the World, Guidelines for Radio Programming

    Bohner, Jared; Wanek, Mikael; Attitudes and their change; Ali Mehdad; first edition; 1374; Jungle Publishing.

    Binger, Atoller; persuasive communication; Ali Rostami; first edition; 1376; Center for Research, Studies and Assessment

    Research and Assessment Quarterly, "Audience in New Age Interactions", Tehran, Center for Research and Studies and Program Assessment of Broadcasting, Volume 4, 1373.

    Pirhayati, Nasser. "Interpretations of News and Audiences", Research and Evaluation Quarterly, Tehran, Broadcasting Research and Studies Center, 14th year, No. 12, 1376.

Investigating the validity of news at 21:00 on Channel 1 among female communication students
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