Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A)
Social Sciences (Researcher Orientation)
When a brief look at today's societies and modern families! We have no doubt that kindergarten is an essential need. Mothers who leave the house early in the morning to do work and return tired in the evening, grandparents who are either absent or do not have the patience and ability to take care of their grandchildren, workplaces that naturally do not tolerate the presence of children and in the best case, consider a private institution for the children of employees, on the one hand, and children who need to learn new skills such as music, computers, foreign languages, etc. as soon as possible from their parents' point of view On the other hand, everyone has pointed their finger towards kindergartens and they show their first and last solution, and of course, the question and concern that always exists for parents, especially mothers, is that; Does sending a child to kindergarten have a negative or positive effect on his education and growth?!
During the last 30 years, the number of children who go to kindergarten or kindergarten has increased significantly, which is mainly due to the increase in the participation of women in the workforce. Currently, mothers of 67% of kindergarten children are employed. In the educational system of our country, kindergarten is a place whose goal is to raise the level of growth of children aged 2 to 5 years and emphasizes on educational experiences, and kindergarten includes all kinds of supplies necessary for the care of the children of working parents, which are provided in the child's home.
Reviews show that parents, in the field of children's education, often prefer kindergarten to kindergarten. And that's why many kindergartens have extended their hours from part-time to full-time to meet the needs of working parents. While the duty of a good kindergarten is not only to keep children safe in the absence of their parents and to feed them well. Kindergarten should provide high quality educational experiences for children like an efficient kindergarten. (Rezaei, 1386)
Although the word education is a small word, neglecting this word in the case of children can cause unfortunate results for the family in the long run. Children are the greatest wealth of every family, and investing in their education is of particular importance and is more beneficial than any other field, and education in childhood builds the future of the individual, family and society, and even determines the direction of the country. Investing and planning for children in this period is one of the most important duties of families, officials and responsible institutions.
A child who is born and the world is his cradle has the best and most complete growth facilities. He is born in his best state and has the capacity and preparation to be raised in the most appropriate way and achieve the best perfections. He just needs to be born normal and have a family and a suitable environment at his disposal so that he can boast and show off and find his honorable place in this world. But the family life and the health, educational, social and cultural environment of many people in the world today is such that it makes it difficult and sometimes impossible to achieve such a goal.
Today, preschool education in most countries of the world is a type of indirect education so that the child can prepare himself for a close observation of the world around him with more freedom than the ways of play and entertainment and turn to gaining new experiences, discovering environmental phenomena, expanding his basic knowledge and acquiring many concepts.
If we take a look at the history of kindergartens in the world, we see that the first child care institutions were formed in Austria 263 years ago, that is, in 1129 A.D. (1750 AD). These kindergartens were created following the example of orphanages and next to production workshops, just at the same time when women workers were working in workshops and did not have time to protect and take care of their children. Most of the clients of these institutions were poor families whose women were forced to work in difficult conditions and long hours. There was no education in these elementary kindergartens, their philosophy of existence was only to keep children so that they do not become trouble in society and do not turn to delinquency.
But the first kindergarten was built in Germany in 1219 (1840 AD) based on a plan by Friedrich Froebel.
But the first kindergarten was built in Germany in 1219 (1840 AD) based on a plan by Friedrich Froebel, and it was named kindergarten meaning "child's garden". In Froebel's plan, education was included along with the game, and this caused kindergartens to improve quantitatively and qualitatively over time, and unions, laws, planning and supervision and educational care were formed around them.
In Iran, however, the reason for establishing kindergartens was completely different. The first kindergarten was built by religious minorities in Tehran in 1298, i.e. 94 years ago. After that, in 1303, Jabar Baghcheban established "Kindergarten" in Tabriz and a few years later he opened another kindergarten in Shiraz. The goals that kindergartens in Iran were pursuing were mostly political and educational. (Fazli 2009)
Now that due to the current trend of human life conditions and the increasing participation of women in the household economy and their distance from the family environment, the existence of kindergartens is becoming more and more necessary day by day. Examining its effects on the social and emotional conditions of children and the effects it can have on the future of their lives is one of the issues that every parent wants to know.
11 statement of the problem
Investigating the conditions of human growth and development, which is basically a social being and lives in society from birth to the last breath of life, needs others, is influenced by it and is influenced by it, especially in the early years of life and childhood is of great importance (Hosseini, 2010)
We know that the center of the family is the first social institution in which the child is raised and learns how to behave socially. Child education in the early years of development is so important that it is emphasized a lot in our religious verses and traditions, and experts and social scientists, psychologists and educational scientists acknowledge the sensitive and decisive role of this stage and the role of the family environment, especially the mother. It is obvious that what a child experiences in the early years of development has an important and fateful effect on the formation of his personality in adulthood and in the future life, while the new social, economic, and cultural conditions of mankind and the change and diversity in the roles of men and women, especially women in society, have caused many of them to be unable to be with their children full-time like before. Today, in this modern world, children go to childcare centers like kindergartens from the age of one year or more, and their education and the main shape of their existence is formed there. When we hear the name of kindergarten, many of us think of working parents and we think that kindergarten is just a place where we can leave our child there for a few hours and do our own work.
Therefore, we see that in today's society, willingly or unwillingly, social environments other than the family are involved in teaching norms and values ??to children, and as the child grows older and goes to school. Over time, the role of families decreases and the role of these centers in modeling the child's personality is increased. Kindergartens, which are usually the first group for children after the family environment, and even for children generally have more attraction than home and family, play a very fundamental and important role in the education of children, and this requires that a safe and free environment for their education be provided for these fragile and fragile seedlings to bear fruit and help them grow properly. (Rezazadeh, 1385)
Although there is a difference between the physical and non-physical and quantitative and qualitative presence of parents, especially the mother, with the child, numerous psychological and sociological researches show that it is important that children stay in the family environment and with their parents until the end of the age of 2, so that the feeling of psychological security and primary emotional dependencies are formed correctly and naturally in the child with the family. And from this age onwards, children also need social experiences that learning many concepts can be provided for children through community and communication with peers.
Social growth, emotional cohesion, how to communicate with others, having the spirit of cooperation, responsibility, learning language and understanding verbal and non-verbal concepts can happen in a good kindergarten that has the necessary criteria for the social and verbal development of children.