Investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence of female teachers and violence against them in Bandar Abbas city

Master's Thesis in Family Counseling

Abstract:

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the emotional intelligence of female teachers and violence against them. In addition, subscales of emotional intelligence were used to predict the violence applied to female teachers. For this purpose, 280 female teachers were selected by cluster sampling from among the cultured community of Bandar Abbas city. After that, in order to collect data, Bar-an emotional intelligence questionnaire and violence towards women questionnaire were used. And to analyze the collected data, linear regression using simultaneous method, Pearson's correlation coefficient, test was used, and spss18 statistical software was used to analyze the data. This means that teachers with higher emotional intelligence have less violence against them. And then it was found that, among the components of emotional intelligence, independence, relationships, optimism, impulse control, empathy and self-expression at the level of 0.1. became significant and were able to predict violence against female teachers. Among these components, independence and empathy had the greatest role in predicting violence against women.

Key words: emotional intelligence, violence against women, married female teachers.

Introduction:

     The family is the most natural and legitimate unit of reproduction and the most inclusive social unit. Because it includes all members of society. Family has educational and social importance. Individuals step into the realm of existence from the family and in the family, and the society is based on the organization of individuals, and since the institution of the family is a producer of human power and a representative of other social institutions, it is considered one of the main pillars and institutions of every society. The normality or abnormality of the society depends on the general conditions of the families, and none of the social harms can arise without the influence of the family. In the same way, no society can claim health unless it has healthy families (Hamidi, 1382). Achieving a healthy society obviously depends on the health of the family and the realization of a healthy family, conditional on its people having mental health and having good relationships with each other. Therefore, the health of family members and their relationship will undoubtedly have positive effects in the society (Bernstein, 1989; translated by Pourabdi and Manshi, 2010).

In Western countries where men and women have almost the same social rights and the law and custom do not give any special privilege to either couple over the other, the divorce and separation statistics reach more than fifty percent (Rice [1], 1996). The existence of violence in human relationships and especially in the relationships of couples is a common thing, so that violence can be mentioned as the most common phenomenon in human relationships. The relationship between couples can easily become a challenge, even the smallest daily activities have a significant effect on the other person, and it is difficult to adapt to the needs or wishes of the other person in all aspects of life (Shafi'inia et al., 2012).    

Many people, when they hear the name of violence, the first thing that comes to mind is severe physical abuse. But the truth is that violence includes a wide range of mental, physical, sexual and verbal abuses (Mafi, 2012). The rapid increase in everyone's awareness of violence, including: child abuse, spousal abuse and other forms of violence in the family, has caused experts and ordinary people to conclude that violence in the family is a new phenomenon. Although violence in the family has attracted considerable attention since the 1970s, especially in the last 15 years, this issue has received the attention of experts, it should be noted that this phenomenon has been discussed throughout the history of the family and is as old as the oldest legends. Historically, perhaps the first background of violence can be found in religious myths, such as Abel and Cain, which, of course, the culture and history of each society has given a special effect to this fact (Mafi, 2011). Therefore, we can see that this phenomenon has always existed in a hidden form throughout history and has not received much attention, and only in the last three decades have researchers, including sociologists, psychologists, and criminologists, noticed this phenomenon and tried to deal with this social problem and deal with it by conducting various investigations.. Therefore, we see that this phenomenon has always existed in a hidden form throughout history and has not received much attention, and only in the last three decades have researchers, including sociologists, psychologists, and criminologists, noticed this phenomenon and by conducting various studies have tried to address this social problem and deal with it (Maffei, 2011).

Lack of literacy is limited, but it is a global issue, even the most advanced countries of the world suffer from this phenomenon. One of the researches conducted in America indicated the fact that among the university educated, violence has a higher rate (Motamadi Mehr, 2010). In the meantime, what is more regrettable is the fact that women as a special group, as well as being subjected to violence in the society, are also exploited by other family members, especially their wives, and victims of all kinds of violence, including physical, psychological and so on. They go around, which brings negative effects and consequences for them, and the available statistics reveal these facts to us (Motamadi Mehr, 1380).

Violence against women, especially by their sexual partners, is very common. Physical and sexual violence occurs in 2 to 4 million Asian women each year. According to the report of the American Federation of Medical Associations (WHO) in 2000, one in three women will be abused during her lifetime, and according to the World Bank reports, domestic violence reduces 5% of women's health years in life. Violence against women is accompanied by severe physical and mental complications such as depression, anxiety, psychosomatic problems (somatization), alcohol and drug abuse, and suicide attempts, or long-term negative effects on the family and future generations (Zangi Abadi and Moradi Shahr Babak, 2013). Because the type of attitude towards the role of women and violence against them causes this to continue. This is especially evident in the case of emotional and sexual harassment. The complexity of violence against women, which includes individual factors as well as political and economic laws and attitudes of the society as underlying and facilitating factors, makes it very difficult to investigate this category (Zangi Abadi and Moradi Shahr Babak, 2013).

1-2. Statement of the problem:

People, based on their nature, need intimacy with others in order to be familiar with each other. From the first days of man's appearance on earth and the first blossoms of human thought in the field of history and consciousness, family and its related issues have always been a part of his intellectual activities. Because the family bond in the form of marriage, while fulfilling the natural human need to live in the community, also created other relative and causal relationships that led to the strengthening of social foundations. Therefore, the family is the first social institution which is also considered the foundation of social life and the deep and deep aspects of human personality are established there, and various behavioral methods in this institution provide the primary source of children's social experience, which has a certain and definite contribution to their attitude towards collective life. This is why the high position of the family as the most distinctive social institution has long been the concern of thinkers and none of the political, social and philosophical schools have considered it unnecessary to address it (Najafi, 1384). The family is a system with a communication network in which its members have a common past and future, and moral and social values ??are transferred from one generation to another, and the means of emotional-moral and social development of individuals are provided (Saroukhani, 2010). Meanwhile, the formation of a family begins with the marriage of a man and a woman, marriage is considered one of the most valuable actions in life, and no other social action can be compared to it in terms of value; Because this is beneficial and necessary for the health, safety and prosperity of society (Gol Mohammadian et al., 2017). Marriage is a sacred contract that has existed among all ethnicities and nations and in all times and places, an ancient tradition in which a man and a woman start a life together and make an agreement to be each other's companions, friends and sorrows, get to know each other better, make each other happy and end their loneliness with marriage (Nawabinejad, 2016). The fact is that the category of marriage is one of the most important and complex aspects of human life, so that a successful marriage requires a high level of compatibility between the parties (Fetins [2] et al., 2001).