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Examining the types of planning of comprehensive urban plans

Number of pages: 201 File Format: word File Code: 30017
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Social Sciences - Sociology
Tags/Keywords: conformity - master plan - planning - Problems - social - urban
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    Dissertation for Master's Degree in Social Sciences

    Title: Examining Types of Urban Master Plan Planning

    Abstract:

     

    Today, the issue of planning urban plans is one of the most important issues in cities. Several factors are effective in city master plans. An effective factor in comprehensive urban plans is social problems. According to the studies, the factors of social damage such as poverty, unemployment, social disharmony, high population and  It creates an unsuitable environment for the users of the artificial environment, but the factors of social damage are not the only factors and aspects that determine social problems, the planning and physical design of the space plays an important role in creating a sustainable space. Traditional comprehensive plans have been formed in Iran without scientific planning. After years with social, economic, cultural problems. For the first time, the comprehensive plan of Tehran city was presented with strategic planning, which is the basis of planning according to urban problems. This research has been done by examining the types of planning of comprehensive urban plans and the purpose of each program on how to communicate with different parts of society and the interaction of communication with the adaptation of programs and especially social problems. Keywords: adaptation - planning - comprehensive plan - social - urban problems

    Introduction

    Thinking about the preparation of a master plan for the city and examining the various dimensions of its future development is not very old, and the fact is that if it is compared with any of the divisions made in this regard, it is clear that the conceivable period of time for thinking and preparing a master plan for the city is a maximum of two centuries, which includes from the beginning of the nineteenth century onwards. Therefore, urban planning has a short lifespan compared to some other sciences, and especially in the course of developments during the last two centuries, it has faced fluctuations that have sometimes changed some of the basic foundations of this science. According to this history, urban planning starts from mere theorizing about social, economic or idealism and imagination and continues with this way of thinking for almost a century. Every year, hundreds of comprehensive development plans are designed and implemented in cities and much more in the whole country. These plans are actually a type of development intervention of public and private institutions in the social and natural living environment of humans. Although comprehensive development plans are usually implemented with good intentions and can bring many benefits, their unwanted and possibly destructive social effects cannot be ignored. To increase the positive effects of these plans on natural resources and human communities, we have no choice but to evaluate their social impact, and certainly the ability of the country's development management at all levels to evaluate the social impact of comprehensive plans is an important factor in the realization of sustainable development. Comprehensive plan, about 70% of the forecasts have faced gross errors. In this way, the population of the city at the end of the project period was in the range of 20% less than the forecast to about 50% more than the forecast.  15% of the predictions have almost come true, and the other 15% have come true, but due to the erroneous estimation of the population forecast in the base year (preliminary assumptions), they should be classified as incorrect predictions. How the economic forecast matches what has actually happened in this section, the predictions have been far from reality, as follows:

    In the agricultural sector, what has happened has been from ten times less to 1.5 times more.

    In the industry sector, 75% of the predictions were wrong because what happened was much less and 25%, on the contrary, because what happened increased.

    In the service sector, the exact opposite of this happened.

    Comparison of the proposed expansion of the city with the actual expansion directions

    The investigations showed that in 40% of the samples, the expansion of the city took place in other directions - not in the designated directions.In 20% of the samples, about half of the development has been carried out in the designated directions, and in the remaining 40%, the development has largely been in the direction of the goals, but has not completely covered it (so that a part of the area has not been built and a part of the land outside the construction area has been done). have been established.

    In 20% of the plans, a small amount of the proposed services have been established, and in the remaining 20%, these services have been established to some extent.

    How to realize building densities

    In almost none of the cities, the building densities proposed by the comprehensive plans have not occurred.

    Comparison of the proposed and realized communication network

    In this case, the results indicate that not only It has not been formed, but most of the construction networks have been formed in a way other than what the plan has suggested.

    How to form the structure and fabric of the city

    It is obvious that the city structure cannot be formed with the establishment of the communication network and the establishment of service functions. move towards their goals.

    Examining the reasons for the non-fulfillment of comprehensive plans from a physical point of view and the final conclusion will depend on the completion of four other parts of the plan, which are:

    •        General views of the city and urban development.

    •        Executive system of urban development plans.

    >•        Urban development planning system in Iran.

    •         Background factors effective in urban development planning.

    The reasons for not realizing the goals of urban planning and design in Iran

    The results of the review of urban plans in Iran show that, mainly, the failure to realize the goals of urban planning and design in Iran is based on five main axes:

    One - the impossibility of correct predictions (especially in the economic and social sectors). Their demands in the formation of the plan. Four - effective physical factors (in the non-realization of urban plans). Five - unrealistic and rigid planning. The impossibility of forecasts (especially in the economic-social sectors): The experience of planning in the world in general and in socialist countries in particular has proven that it is possible to predict There are no long-term visions for various components of the social life of a country. The need to use billions of indicators, the possibility of collecting them correctly and on time - if not impossible - is very difficult on the one hand, and the lack of (computational) ability even with the most advanced computers - for their optimal modeling on the other hand, and finally the presence of various factors that impose their existence by chance or occurrence, in addition to qualitative factors, makes comprehensive and long-term forecasting impossible. A complex math and calculation that can identify the whole and the part together, like Einstein's relativity, has not been created. At the same time, there is this uncertainty in social sciences, like quantum physics, which makes it impossible to know the other aspects of the phenomenon with precision. That is, the desire to predict all the components of a city's life for a long time, even if possible, destroys the general predictions for it. In this service description, consultants are asked to provide information for a multitude of indicators such as production status in different economic sectors, types of professions and necessary services, occupational groups, economic activity groups, age groups, income groups, types of income, etc. have a long-term forecast, and as a result, after detailed studies on the current situation of the cities in the mentioned cases, the consultants prepare a land use map with classic criteria of urban planning and usually based on the population forecast without drawing any conclusions. But in addition to this defect in the methodology, there are other issues in the non-fulfillment of the economic or demographic forecasts of the cities.

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