Designing and producing an electronic book of experimental sciences for the fifth grade of elementary school and its effect on the learning and memorization of students of the fourth year of elementary school

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Elementary Education

Abstract

This research was conducted with the aim of designing and producing an electronic book of experimental science for the fifth grade of elementary school and investigating its effect on the learning and memorization of fourth grade students and comparing it with the traditional learning method. The research method is quasi-experimental and the statistical population includes all students of the fourth grade of electronic schools in Mashhad who were studying in the academic year of 1992-1993. Random cluster sampling was used and 30 students were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups. The validity of the tool was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method of 0.71. The findings of the research indicate that there is a significant difference in the amount of learning and memorization in students who have been trained with electronic books and students who have been trained in the traditional way, and this difference is in favor of the group who use electronic books.

Key words: electronic book, experimental sciences, learning, memorization

Introduction:

The book is five thousand years old. The first books were in the form of clay tablets. But with the passage of time, due to human access to new facilities and the change of human need for communication and information, the form of books evolved. Before the invention of the printing press, copying of books was only possible through transcription of books, which made the production of books very slow and difficult. But in 1439, with the invention of the printing press by the German Johannes Gutenberg, a great transformation took place in the book publishing industry.

At the same time, it seems that the printing mechanism was common in China before Gutenberg. Some sources attribute the invention of movable type to Pisheng, a Chinese alchemist. His invention included independent printed letters that were engraved on wet clay and became durable after baking.

Textbook is considered one of the main tools of education and in the process of education, it is of particular importance in the interaction between the teacher and the learner, especially in the Iranian educational system where most of the evaluations are from the content of the textbooks and this issue seriously directs and shapes learning. Learning is a limited and suitable package, with interconnected and regular components, and it provides a clear framework in which the teacher and learners know what the goal is and what is discussed.

However, the significant growth and expansion of information and communication technology has improved the quality and efficiency of education, so that the traditional methods of education and information acquisition have undergone major changes and transformations.

Distance education and virtual education provide learning opportunities for They provide anyone, anywhere and anytime. But it should be noted that along with virtual education, the organizational facilities and equipment of educational institutions must also be transformed.

The basic tools for transferring and creating content in the student's mind in virtual classes are educational CDs, the Internet, and other means of communication that are used instead of printed textbooks. E-books, which we have seen major changes in in the last few years, are the result of the expansion of communication and information technologies in education. Due to their high flexibility and multimedia capabilities, electronic textbooks can be used as a motivational factor in students' learning and by creating desire and interest, they can provide the increasing progress of students and students (Zamani and Jamali Zaveh, 1385). Problem statement: With the development of information and communication technology, a second space has been created parallel to the real world, which actually repeats all the elements and components of the real world. Due to the emergence of rapid developments in the field of technology and the impact of these developments in many areas, especially education, the use of new techniques and tools in the teaching of various subjects has become inevitable. With the development of information and communication technology and the penetration of equipment into the community of tools, educational methods have also undergone transformation. The evolution of these tools and methods is in the direction that every person can learn at any time and in any place with his own facilities and in the time frame that he determines.

Education and then educational institutions such as schools, just as they have a special place in the real world, are also important and influential in the virtual space.

Education and then educational institutions such as schools, just as they have a special place in the real world, they also have a significant impact in the development of science and technology and the development of information and media literacy in students and teachers. In the process of transition to the information society, many phenomena and concepts take a new shape and adapt themselves to the changes created by changing the framework. The issue of education, school and education, which have a long history in human history, have appeared in the form of electronic and virtual education at the same time as the world entered the information age. Books, printing and publishing have not been left behind in this way, and the emergence of electronic publishing has made this attribute undergo a huge transformation. The electronic book is a completely new phenomenon and it is going to face the education and information system with fundamental changes.

The need of this group of users (students) in the present era is not only access to information, but the speed and ease of access to information is one of the reasons that has increased information and communication technologies today and reveals the ever-increasing need for it. Nowadays, not only countless magazines are published in electronic format alongside their printed versions, but also many books on various topics have been published in electronic format. (Fahimi Far, 1388)

The electronic book is a completely new phenomenon that has affected educational systems, the main purpose of its creation is to overcome the limitations that printed books face. The main feature of the electronic book is its dynamic, interactive and flexible nature, which can be available in various forms and formats and at any time and place. (Hawkins, 2001)

Electronic education and distance education are important and worthy of attention in education in our era. So that it is expected that electronic education will replace traditional education by 2015. Today, according to new educational theories, the best type of learning is interactive learning. Among the characteristics of this type of learning, we can mention the use of multimedia tools and inclusive participation in the learning process. The difference between reading regular books and electronic books is that learning through electronic books is interactive, and this is one of the most valuable features of using this new technology. One of the duties of education experts in the aforementioned field is to study the effects of technology on students before introducing and applying educational technologies. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of electronic books of experimental science course on the learning and memorizing components of primary school students, and considering that one of the causes of students' dissatisfaction with electronic books is their inappropriate design, and also the existing standards in the field of electronic books did not meet the needs of students. Its effect on the learning and memorization of elementary school students has been measured.

Research objectives:

The main goal of this research is to design and produce an electronic book of experimental science for the fifth grade of elementary school and to investigate its effect on the learning and memorization of students of the fourth grade of elementary school in Mashhad.

Research questions:

Does the design and production of an electronic book of experimental science for the fifth grade of elementary school have a significant effect on the learning and memorization of students of the fourth grade of elementary school?

Importance and necessity of research:

With the emergence and expansion of computer technology and the Internet, a new and powerful tool was provided to schools with which they can achieve the goals of their institution and create new and dynamic teaching-learning environments. Today, many schools and colleges have turned their attention to web-based distance learning. Many higher institutions have organized virtual education programs, and now many other schools and institutions such as universities are rapidly preparing and preparing virtual programs.

Print media and electronic books in scientific environments in the last century, despite inventions such as movies, television and computer games, still maintain their position.