Investigating the relationship between spiritual intelligence and work motivation of public school teachers of the second year of high school in Kamiyaran city in the academic year of 2013-2014

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Educational Management

Abstract:

             The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and the work motivation of teachers in secondary public schools of Kamiyaran city. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes all teachers in the number of 203 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 129 subjects (67 men and 62 women) based on the Kargesi Morgan table. Sampling method was done using random sampling of relative strata. In order to collect theoretical foundations and research records, the library study method was used, and Hildebrandt's spiritual intelligence and Mohammad Aghajari's work motivation questionnaires were used to collect data. To determine the validity of the questionnaires, the content validity method and the views of the professors of the educational management field in the university and education specialists were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires, and it was calculated as 0.87 and 0.86 respectively. To analyze the data using descriptive statistics methods such as: table, graph, frequency, percentage frequency, average and standard deviation; Also, inferential statistics methods such as: one-sided t-test, Kalmogorov-Smironov test, t-test of independent groups, Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. The findings indicate that the state of spiritual intelligence of secondary school teachers of Kamiyaran city is above the average (4.23 with a standard deviation of 0.35) and the level of work motivation of the teachers is above the average (4.07 with a standard deviation of 0.50). The results of the main hypothesis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the spiritual intelligence and the work motivation of the teachers of the second period public schools in Kamiyaran city (p=0.000 and r=0.319). There is a positive and significant relationship between all the components of spiritual intelligence, except the level of knowledge and work motivation of teachers. The findings of the next hypothesis also showed that there is no difference between the spiritual intelligence of male and female teachers, and the spiritual intelligence of teachers of different age groups, with different educational qualifications and years of service, is similar. Finally, there was no difference between the work motivation of teachers in terms of the individual characteristics of sex, age, years of service and level of education.

Key words: spiritual intelligence, work motivation, second-year teachers, public schools, Kamiyaran city.

Introduction

Today, in relation to people's work life and its investigation, it can be boldly said that organizations have played a fundamental role and have strongly influenced people's lives. So that people are in daily contact with many organizations and spend most of their lives in them. In this way, our perception of organizations may be positive or negative, and one of the most important organizations of society is the educational system, which directly affects other organizations of society, and teachers are considered the most valuable human capital of the organization, which should be given special attention in all material, spiritual, and motivational dimensions, so that the quality of their work increases and they strive with love and passion for work and commitment to the country and its ideals in order to achieve the goals of the education system. The topic of motivation and its role in productivity and work environment has attracted the attention of many experts, psychologists and managers. Teachers' motivation is also very necessary and important for better performance in the work environment because teachers who have high work motivation are very involved in their work and have a high sense of satisfaction (Latem [1], 2007). More importantly, teachers' positive motivation is highly related to students' motivation. Motivation, as a dynamic and complex concept, affects many factors in the organization and is affected by them (Atashpour et al., 1384: 147). Motivations are the reasons for behavior and cause the initiation and continuation of activities. Motivation is an internal state in people that makes them inclined to do a certain work and action (Farah Bahsh, 2018: 56). The extraordinary influence of all types of intelligence and especially spiritual intelligence on the characteristics of people and especially personal motivation makes spirituality and spiritual intelligence an important issue in the field of management and organization. Intelligence is the capacity to learn from experience, the application of metacognitive processes to strengthen learning and the ability to adapt to the surrounding environment. In the theory that intelligent behavior can be taught, intelligence is considered to be a set of separate mental processes of information processing that can be learned and increased through practice and practice Sternberg [2] (1985), quoted by Amirtimori 2013).Teachers who have higher spiritual intelligence establish a better relationship with students, which shows positive career motivation, and this improves the quality of education (Sisk [3], 2008). Spirituality as one of the dimensions of humanity includes awareness and self-knowledge, this awareness may lead to an experience that is beyond the self. Emmons tried to present spirituality based on Gardner's definition of intelligence, in the framework of intelligence, and he believes that spirituality can be considered a form of intelligence because it predicts a person's performance and adaptability and suggests capabilities that enable people to solve problems and reach their goals (Amram [4], 2005). Having said that, the main goal of this research is to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and the work motivation of secondary school teachers in Kamiyaran city.

1-2- Statement of the problem

The present era, which is an era of rapid development and advancement of technology, owes more than anything to the efforts of new education and training since the Renaissance. Therefore, all nations with any political and social system have paid great attention to this important institution, and they look at it as a productive institution. In today's era, the development and progress of any society depends to a large extent on the type and manner of activities that are carried out in the organizations of that society, especially the education organization. Therefore, it can be said that the employees of these organizations play an important role in the quality of the implementation of organizational programs and the progress of the organizations' goals, and in order to be able to fulfill this role, it is necessary that they have all kinds of intelligence, knowledge, skills, capabilities, and competencies that are appropriate for this serious responsibility and sufficient motivation (Higgins [5], 2005: 512-507). Years ago, talking about cognitive intelligence (IQ) and how to measure it was the focus of experts. But in the current decade, in all work environments, especially educational organizations, spiritual intelligence has become the intellectual paradigm of most human resource specialists. After extending the concept of intelligence to other realms, human capacities and capabilities, and especially the introduction of emotional intelligence in psychology, Emmons [6] proposed a new structure as spiritual intelligence in 1999. He stated that spiritual intelligence is a set of abilities to take advantage of religious and spiritual resources (Rajaei, 2019: 24). When spiritual intelligence is connected with the working life of teachers, a powerful force is created that people can experience more enjoyable, balanced and meaningful moments with almost thousands of hours of work. Due to the fact that humans have an inner spiritual capacity, teachers consider their profession as a mission by mixing profession and spirituality. Spiritual intelligence is used to solve problems and issues related to the meaning of life and values. Singh Ji[7] considers spiritual intelligence as the inherent ability to think and understand spiritual phenomena that guides people's daily behavior with spiritual ideology (Singh Ji, 2008). King [8] also writes: Spiritual intelligence is a set of intellectual capacities that help in full awareness and adaptive use of spiritual aspects and the transcendental world of a person and leads to outputs 1. Existential critical thinking, 2. Production of personal meaning, 3. Transcendental awareness 4. Development of the state of consciousness (2008: 52). Also, spiritual intelligence includes a kind of adaptability and problem-solving behavior that includes the highest levels of development in various cognitive, moral, emotional, interpersonal, etc. areas and helps a person to coordinate with the phenomena around him and achieve internal and external integration (Ghabari Bonab et al., 1386: 130).

In addition, among the issues that can be investigated at the level of different educational systems, the selection of He is a creative, healthy, and active person who is free from any other concerns except education. Because the physical and mental health, motivation and perseverance of the teacher have a significant effect on his job efficiency and as a result the progress of the education of students, therefore, another variable related to the importance of education in any system is the attention to the work motivation of teachers. Motivation in the word means stimulation and incitement and it is something that urges a person to move. Motivations are reasons for behavior and cause the initiation and continuation of activities. Motivation is an internal state in people that makes them inclined to do a certain work and action (Farah Bahsh, 2018: 56). "Motivation" refers to a process or flow through which a person is able to motivate others. Work motivation is also a process to increase the energy of employees in order to achieve work goals in the right and real way (Kordrostami, 2019).