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  3. Evaluation of a model for predicting students' mental health based on religious faith, with the mediation of happiness, ambivalent attachment style and locus of control.

Evaluation of a model for predicting students' mental health based on religious faith, with the mediation of happiness, ambivalent attachment style and locus of control.

Number of pages: 118 File Format: word File Code: 29977
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Psychology
Tags/Keywords: Ambivalent attachment style - attachment style - Control source - happiness - mental health - religious faith
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  • Summary of Evaluation of a model for predicting students' mental health based on religious faith, with the mediation of happiness, ambivalent attachment style and locus of control.

    Master's Thesis in Clinical Psychology

    Abstract

     

    Evaluation of a model to predict the mental health of students based on religious faith, with the mediation of happiness, ambivalent attachment style and locus of control

     

     

     

    The aim of the current research is to design and test the model The prediction of students' mental health is based on religious faith, with the mediation of happiness, ambivalent attachment style and locus of control. The research method is correlational. The research population is all students of Shiraz University who studied in 1992-93. In order to conduct this research, 240 students were selected from the research community using available sampling method and research tools were implemented on them. Research instruments included general health questionnaires (GHQ-28), religious faith, Oxford happiness, Collins and Reed attachment and Rother's locus of control scale. In order to evaluate the measured variables in the assumed conceptual model, multiple regression, path analysis method and structural equation modeling were used. The findings showed that religious faith and ambivalent attachment style are related to mental health. However, this effect was not evident at the model level. On the other hand, religious faith was inversely correlated with ambivalent attachment style. The variable of happiness had a significant relationship with the two variables of religious faith and mental health. The final results led to the modification of the hypothetical model, and in the modified model, the mediation of happiness variable in the relationship between religious faith and mental health was confirmed. The results showed that religious faith has a greater effect on mental health through the variable of happiness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the components of faith that lead a person to greater happiness can be more effective in a person's mental health. Key words: mental health, religious faith, happiness, ambivalent attachment style, source of control. and paying attention to its role in guaranteeing and improving individual and social life is very important (Totunchi, Samani and Zandi, 2011).

    Some theorists such as Allport, Eric Fromm, Rogers, Maslow, Erikson, Jung and Frankel deal with the healthy side of human nature and try to provide a unique perspective on psychological development and human perfection by enriching the human personality. According to them, mental health is much more than being neurotic or not being psychotic. On the other hand, another group of psychologists define abnormal behavior or mental illness in the definition of mental health and then conclude that mental health is actually equal to the absence of mental illness (Hosseini, 2017; quoted by Azad).

    The concept of mental health is actually an aspect of the general concept of health. The World Health Organization defines health as: "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Health is a multidimensional concept that, in addition to not being sick, also includes the feeling of happiness and well-being (Porsardar et al., 2013). Therefore, contrary to the opinion of some, mental health cannot be considered the opposite of physical or mental illness. The concept of mental health is much broader and more complex and many variables are involved in it, some of which will be discussed in this research.

    Mental health and disorders and the variables affecting them should be considered and investigated in all ages and strata. Students are considered as one of the selected sections of the society, who may face problems and problems in terms of educational, economic, cultural and social changes during their studies. These factors together with causing depression, stress and anxiety can affect a person's mental health (Qasmipour and Jahanbakhsh Ganjeh, 2018). According to their organizational nature, in addition to the production and transfer of knowledge, universities are obliged to pay attention to the mental health and solve behavioral and psychological problems of students. At the same time, numerous researches indicate the existence of health problems in the world, especially among students (Azad, 2011). Considering the growing trend of the student group in the society and the importance and sensitivity of the youth period, it attracts the attention of researchers in order to select this group as the research society. Therefore, this group has been selected for research in this study.

    1-2.Statement of the problem

     

    A) Logical statement of the problem

    Mental health is one of the important components of public health. The term mental health is used to describe the level of cognitive and emotional well-being and to show the absence of mental disorders. According to the World Health Organization, there is no official definition of mental health, and all cultural differences, personal assessment, and competing expert theories influence the way the term is defined (WHO, 2001). According to Kaplan and Baron [1], mental health is a special state of the mind that causes improvement, growth and perfection of human personality and helps a person to be compatible with himself and others (Nadri, 2010). The prevalence of mental illnesses is increasing dramatically. According to the prediction of the World Health Organization, depression is expected to be the second cause of disability by 2020 (Murray and Lopez [2], 1997). According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, there will be a global change in the epidemiology of diseases, so that non-communicable diseases such as mental disorders will replace infectious diseases and communicable diseases in leading to disability and premature deaths (Murray and Lopez, 1996). Numerous studies indicate the existence of health problems in the world, especially among students. The World Health Organization stated that the world's mental health problems were 11.5% in 1998; Statistics show that in 2020 these disorders will reach 15% (Catherine[3], 2007; quoted by Azad). Mood disorders are common. In most recent studies, depressive disorder has been the most common psychiatric disorder in the lifetime (approximately 17%). Anxiety disorders are also one of the most common groups of mental disorders. The National Study of Co-occurring Disorders reported that one out of every 4 people (Americans) meets the criteria of at least one type of anxiety disorder and the 12-month prevalence rate is 17.7% (Saduk and Saduk, 2007). This means that the existence of anxious and hopeless people will put a heavy burden on the shoulders of the societies and it shows that the world community has a lot of work and unfinished ways to improve individual and social life (Katherine, 2007; quoted by Azad). They have counseling so that they can solve their own and society's problems as a strong young person (National Youth Organization, 2010; ibid.). In an epidemiological study conducted in Iran in 2004 to determine the prevalence of mental disorders using a questionnaire (GHQ-28), the disorder was estimated in 18-20% of people aged 15-44. The prevalence of mental disorders is 21.3% in rural areas and 20.9% in urban areas in Iran as a whole (Noorbala, 2004). Psychological disorders have created many problems for students who are among the talented and chosen sections of the society and the builders of the future of every country, and it severely affects their academic performance and disrupts their cognitive, emotional and social development. Disorders often appear between the ages of 18-25, that is, when young people enter adulthood (Tavaklizadeh, 2009). Numerous reports from 1342-1380 show that the spectrum of mental disorders in students has fluctuated from 11/7 to 54% (Poursharifi, 1383; quoted by Azad).

    The main goal of mental health is to help all people to achieve a more complete, happier, more harmonious life, broad knowledge and prevention of mood, emotional and behavioral disorders. Dealing with mental illness in order to create a healthy society is one of the main duties of governments and individuals in the society, and every society that wants the well-being and happiness of its people must cultivate compatible and harmonious people (Milani Far, 2018).

    Several prevention programs have been designed that specifically prevent anxiety, depression and other problems in the field of mental health. These programs are based on the identification of specific risk factors for each disorder and the selection of the population at risk for interventions (Dozois and Dobson[4], 2004). A wide range of factors can be involved in health or mental disorder, based on previous theories and researches, in this research, some of the most important ones will be discussed, based on the presented model.

    The role of religion in relation to health and healing has been known for centuries

  • Contents & References of Evaluation of a model for predicting students' mental health based on religious faith, with the mediation of happiness, ambivalent attachment style and locus of control.

    List:

     

    Table of contents

     

     

    Title                                                                                                          . Statement of the problem.. 3

    1-3. The necessity and importance of research. 8

    1-4. Research goals. 8

    1-5. Fundamental and operational definition of variables and scientific terms. 9

     

    Chapter Two: Theoretical Foundations of Research

    2-1. Introduction.. 12

    2-2. Mental health.. 12

    2-2-1. Definition of mental health. 12

    2-2-2. Perspectives on mental health. 13

    3-2.  Religious faith.. 22

    2-3-1. Definition of faith. 22

    2-3-2. Views on faith and spirituality. 23

    2-4. Mental health and faith. 26

    2-4-1. Theories and patterns. 26

    2-4-2. Examining Quranic terms about mental health. 27

    2-4-3. The concept of mental health in the Quran. 29

    2-4-4. Features of mental health in the Quran. 31

    2-4-5. In what ways does faith lead to mental health? 33

    Title

    2-5. happiness.. 34

    2-5-1. Definition of happiness. 34

    2-5-2. Happiness and health. 34

    2-5-3. Happiness and religious beliefs. 34

    2-5-4. Other factors affecting happiness. 35

    2-6. Dependent styles. 38

    2-6-1. Definition of attachment. 38

    2-6-2. Balbi's attachment theory. 38

    2-6-3. Classification of infant attachment quality. 39

    2-6-4. Attachment styles in adults. 41

    2-7. control source.. 43

    2-7-1. Definition of control source. 43

    2-7-2. Internal control source. 43

    2-7-3. External control source. 44

    2-7-4. Characteristics of people with internal locus of control. 44

    2-7-5. Characteristics of people with an external source of control. 45

    2-8. Research background.. 46

    2-8-1. Mental health and faith. 46

    2-8-2. Relationship between mental health and happiness, attachment styles and locus of control. 48

    2-8-3. The relationship between faith and happiness, attachment styles and locus of control. 49

    2-8-4. Mixed research. 51

    2-8-5. Research hypotheses. 53

    Chapter three: research method

    3-1. Introduction.. 55

    3-2. Research design.. 55

    3-3. Statistical population, sample size and research sampling method. 56

    3-4. Research tools.. 56

     

    Title                                                                                                                                                            page

     

    3-4-1. General health questionnaire (GHQ-28). 56

    3-4-2. Questionnaire of religious faith. 58

    3-4-3. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. 58

    3-4-4. Collins and Reed attachment questionnaire. 59

    3-4-5. Rater control source scale. 60

    3-5. Data analysis method. 61

    Chapter Four: Research Findings

    4-1. Introduction.. 63

    4-2. Demographic characteristic of research sample. 63

    4-3. Descriptive findings. 64

    4-4. Findings related to direct research hypotheses based on step-by-step regression. 67

    4-5. Findings related to the test of the proposed model. 74

    4-6. Examining indirect relationships using the causal steps approach. 78

     

    Chapter Five: Discussion and Conclusion

    5-1. Introduction.. 86

    5-2. Checking the fit of the proposed model. 86

    5-3. Examining findings related to research hypotheses. 87

    5-4. Research limitations. 93

    5-5. Research proposals. 94

    5-5. Implied implications of research. 94

     

    List of sources and sources

    Persian sources.. 96

    English sources.. 101

    Source:

    List of sources and sources

     

     

    Persian sources

    Azad, Hossein And freedom, Sarah. (1390). Investigating the relationship between social support, resilience and mental health of Shahid and self-sacrificing students of Ilam universities. Scientific-Research Journal of Veteran Medicine, No. Volume 3, pp

    Asghari, Farhad., Kurdmirza, Ezzatullah and Ahmadi, Leila. (2012). The relationship between religious attitude, locus of control and substance abuse tendency in students. Addiction Research Journal, 7th year, volume 1, pp. 116-106.

    Etmady, Ahmad and Mastri Farahani, Fatemeh. (1390). Comparison of mental health status and source of control of adolescent girls from addicted and non-addicted families. Educational Sciences Quarterly, Volume 4, pp. 137-152.

    Irvani, Mohammad Reza. (1390). Investigating the effect of happiness programs on reducing depression in Isfahan citizens. Quarterly Journal of Culture in Islamic University, Volume 15, pp. 64-83.

    Bagheri Yazdi, Seyyed Abbas. (1385). Applied mental health. Tehran, Aramesh Publications.

    Bowalhari, Jafar. (1389). Institutionalization of spirituality in the concept of spiritual health. Medical Ethics Quarterly, fourth year, volume 14, pp. 112-105.

    Bahadri Khosrowshahi, Jafar and Hashemi Nusratabad, Toraj. (1390). The relationship between attachment styles, coping strategies and mental health with Internet addiction. Journal of Iranian Psychologists' Developmental Psychology, Volume 8, pp. 188-177.

    Bahrami, Fazel and Ramezani Farani, Abbas. (1384). The role of internal and external religious beliefs in mental health and the level of depression in the elderly. Rehabilitation Journal, Volume 6, Volume 1, pp. 47-42. Bahrami Dashtaki, Hajar. (1389). Meaning and spirituality from the point of view of psychologists. Rah Tarbiat Journal, a quarterly in the field of Islamic culture and education, volume 10, pp. 160-143. Parcham, Azam and Qawa Oud, Mansoura. (1389). Mental health from the perspective of the school of Islam and psychology. Minhaj Quarterly, 6th year, Volume 11, pp. 77-49.

    Poursardar, Nurala., Poursardar, Faiz Elah., Pahanhande, Abbas., Sangri, Ali Akbar and Abdi Zarin, Sohrab. (2011). The effect of optimism (positive thinking) on ??mental health and life satisfaction: a psychological model of well-being. Hakim Research Journal, Volume 16, pp. 49-42.

    Pyoustegar, Mehrangiz., Bashart, Mohammad Ali., Pajohinia, Shima and Seifi, Mohammad Yasin. (2011).  Explaining psychological vulnerability based on attachment styles in students of mixed public universities in Tehran. Journal of knowledge and research in applied psychology, 13th year, volume 1, pp. 29-38. Tagvi, Mohammadreza (2010). Investigating the validity and reliability of the General Health Questionnaire (G.H.Q). Journal of Psychology, Volume 20, pp. 398-381.

    Tutonchi, Maryam., Samani, Siamak and Zandi Qashqaei, Karamat Elah. (2011). The mediating role of self-concept for perfectionism and mental health in Shiraz adolescents. FASA University of Medical Sciences Journal, Volume 2, pp. 217-210.

    Thorsen, Carl E., Harris, Alex H. S., Ohman, Doug. (1383). spirituality, religion and health; Evidence, subjects and interests. (Translated by Jalili, Ahmadreza). Criticism and Nazar Magazine, Volume 9, pp. 166-216.

    Tavaklizadeh, Jahanshir and Khodadadi, Zohra. (1389). Examining the mental health of incoming students of the first semester of the academic year 2018-2019 of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Efok Danesh: Quarterly Journal of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Volume 16, pp. 52-45. (1386). Religious orientation and mental health. Journal of Research in Medicine, Volume 31, Number 4, 350-345.

    Khodarahimi, Siamak. (1374). The concept of psychological health. Mashhad, Javadan Kherd Publications.

    Khodayari Fard, Mohammad, Ghbari Bonab, Baqer and Shkohi Yekta, Mohsen. (1380). The scope of psychological research in the field of religion. Thought and behavior magazine. The sixth year, number 4, pp. 53-45.

    Khosravi, Zohra and Aghajani, Maryam. (1382). Investigating the relationship between mental health, source of control and coping style of first year female secondary school students in Tehran. Journal of Women's Psychological Social Sciences Studies, Spring 82, Volume 1, pp. 19-54.

    Khwaninzadeh, Marjan, Ajeei, Javad and Mazaheri, Mohammad Ali. (1384). Comparison of attachment style of students with internal and external religious orientation. Journal of Psychology, Volume 9, pp. 227-247.

    Khoshkanesh, Abulqasem and Keshavarz Afshar, Hossein. (1387). Relationship between happiness and mental health of students. Journal of Andisheh and Behaviour, Volume 2, pp. 41-52.

    Khidani, Leila.  (1390). Examining the role of religion on the mental health of university students in Ilam province. New Thoughts in Educational Sciences Quarterly, 6th year, Volume 3, pp. 63-82.

    Rahimian Bogar, Ishaq., Asghar Nejad Farid, Ali Asghar and Rahiminejad, Abbas. (1387). The relationship between attachment style and mental health in earthquake-affected adults in Bam city. Journal of Psychological Research, Volume 21, pp. 27-40.

Evaluation of a model for predicting students' mental health based on religious faith, with the mediation of happiness, ambivalent attachment style and locus of control.
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