Rejection-acceptance relationship of parents and temperament of sixth grade female students in Fouladshahr city

Master's thesis in the field of educational sciences

Educational psychology trend

The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between rejection-acceptance of parents and temperament of sixth grade female students with their aggressive behavior in Fouladshahr city. The current research method was correlational. In this regard, 196 sixth grade female students were selected by multi-stage random sampling. In order to collect information, three parental rejection-acceptance questionnaires for children (Parent and Mother Form), Bass and Warren aggression and middle childhood temperament were used. The findings showed that parental rejection-acceptance and distraction are significant predictors of students' aggression. Father's rejection-acceptance and sensory threshold were predictors of verbal aggression in students, mother's rejection-acceptance predicted physical aggression and hostility in students, and mother's rejection-acceptance and distraction predicted anger in students, parental rejection-acceptance were significant predictors of indirect aggression in students. Also, the results indicated that mother's rejection-acceptance is a predictor of aggression in students with high distraction and father's rejection-acceptance is a predictor of aggression in students with low distraction

Aggression is one of the most common behavioral disorders of students in schools, which can be seen in the form of physical, verbal and relational aggression. What has caused educational researchers to pay attention to this behavioral disorder in schools is its adverse effects on the internal states of the individual and the interpersonal behavior that follows it, and it also creates a negative image among peers and teachers, rejection by parents and peers, academic failure, dropping out of school, drug use, illness and other problems (Shahim, 2007). Behavioral factors such as the family, especially the behavioral pattern of the parents and hereditary and biological factors such as the child's personality, age, sex and temperament are effective. The child's temperament, whether alone or with regard to the environment, is an important factor that manifests itself psychologically and behaviorally in the child and plays a role in the social development, personality and psychological adjustment of the child.

Studies have shown that the relationship between parents and children is a vital factor for the psychological adjustment of children, and the aggressive behavior of children is more likely to result. Problem families have an unhealthy structure and an unfavorable relationship between parents and children, in which there is usually a stressful stimulus such as marital incompatibility, non-acceptance of children by parents (lack of intimacy, affection, love, care, comfort, support and other positive manifestations), rejection by parents (lack of positive feelings and a wide presence of physical and psychological harmful behaviors), different behaviors of parents, psychological control of children by parents and their difficult temperament (Shaigto[1], Mangelsdorf[2] and Bran [3], 2014; Aksiner [4] and Baider [5], 2014; Rohner[6] and Khaleghi[7], 2012; Joly[8] and Ander[9], 2011). So, without a doubt, the family and the relationship between family members, the quality of communication between parents and children, and the child's own temperament play a significant role in the formation of behavioral disorders such as aggression. Therefore, establishing a warm and intimate environment in the family and a loving relationship between parents and children will reduce children's aggressiveness and their externalized behaviors, and paying attention to the child's temperament and knowing it better will help children's health and optimal development.

Statement of the problem

The family is the most important and main educational institution of the society. The strength of the family and its relationships leads to the formation of a more favorable mental health for entering the larger society. Any problem that undermines the strength of the family also overshadows the health of the society. A healthy family is a family in which the right relationship prevails among its members, especially parents and children) Undoubtedly, the nature of the family and the quality of the relationship between the family members and the quality of the relationship between the parents and the children plays a great role and importance in the formation of the character and the social, emotional and intellectual development of the children (Mahmoudi Qarabi, 2013).

Crop [11] (2006) believes that behavioral problems, such as hyperactivity, inhibition, aggression and passive aggression, can be easily expressed because the child or teenager does not have a suitable way to overcome the environment and communicate with those around him and has difficulty in managing anger, so he shows this type of behavior (quoted by Hasanpour et al., 2013).

Farrell [12], Sullivan [13], Esposito [14] and Mayer [15] (2005, cited in Lee [16], 2014) stated, throughout the cultures of the world, early adolescence is the period when aggression reaches its highest level. Aggression peaks in early adolescence and declines thereafter. This may be because early adolescence is a period of emotional instability, defiance of authority figures such as parents, desperation to achieve independence, and experiencing physical and psychological changes. In such a situation, they do not know how to deal with problematic situations and control themselves. This point explains why they engage in aggressive actions. Anderson [17] and Bushman [18] (2002, quoted by Rajabpour, Mukundhosseini and Rafaeinia, 1391) believe that aggression [19] can be defined as a behavior that leads to harm or harm to others. Among the external factors in the occurrence of children's aggressive behavior is the family factor, especially the behavioral pattern of the parents. Therefore, they have concluded that there is a relationship between parental misbehavior and children's aggression. that a parent is accepting of his child; It means expressing his love and positive feelings both physically and verbally (Rohner [20], 2007), or rejecting; That is, he treats the child with hostility, aggression, or neglect and tolerance (Rohner, 2007), all of which affect the way an adult who is considered our child today. The basis of healthy communication is loving, loving, and exchanging affection and affection. Affection is a positive reinforcer, but one should be careful about the time, place, amount and how to use it.

The method and amount should be appropriate to the age and other characteristics of the person. If the child is loved enough while growing up, he will learn to love himself and others. In affection, one should not overdo it, because on the one hand, it leads to self-rejection, dependence on others, and behavioral problems, and unlimited acceptance makes him expectant, spoiled, and complacent.

Such children expect such kindness from others, and when they enter society because their expectations are not met, they become disillusioned, depressed, aggressive, and generally suffer from behavioral disorders.

In general, researchers consider family support, parental interaction, parental hope and despair, encouraging and punishing children, insecurity in the home environment, parental participation in home affairs, and children's education as important and influential environmental factors in children's behavioral problems. They know.

One of the internal factors influencing children's aggression is the child's temperament[21]. Yazd Chasti[22] and Harizaka[23] (2006, quoted by Yazd Chasti, 2009) defined temperament as a wide range of behavioral traits that have biological roots. Rothbart [24] and Bates [25] (1998, quoted by Yazd Chasadi, 2019) believe that temperament can be defined as individual differences and a relatively stable nature in the intensity and quality of emotional response, movement, attention and self-regulation [26], which is the result of the interaction of biological and environmental elements.

Some researchers such as Prior [27] (1992) state that temperament plays an important role in evolution Social, children's personality and their psychological adaptation play a role (quoted by Yazdakhasi, 2019). The results of Lee's research (2014) indicate the existence of a relationship between temperament and aggressive behavior of children. He also stated that the aggressive behavior of adolescents is influenced by parental behavior and temperamental characteristics, and this issue has been investigated in previous studies (Debo[28] and Kello[29], 2007; Xu[30], Zhang[31] and Faro[32], 2009). Many past studies have attempted to explain aggression based on biological and temperamental characteristics (Zhu et al., 2009; Jung [33], 2000) and parenting behavior (Vitaro [34], Barker [35], Bowin [36], Brengen [37] and Trombley [38], 2006; Zhu et al., 2009), or complex interactions between temperament and social experiences with parents. and others (Packer[39], Rubin[40] and Bakowsky[41], 1988; Lee, 2014) explain.