The relationship between self-efficacy and mental health among parents with normal and borderline children aged 7-12 in Al-Shatar city

Dissertation for M.A. Degree: Counseling and Guidance

Abstract

In this research, the determination of the relationship between self-efficacy and mental health among parents with normal and borderline children aged 7-12 in Al-Shatar city was investigated in 1992. According to the objectives of the research, it is a practical and correlational design, and the statistical population of this research consists of parents of normal children and parents of borderline (educable) children aged 7-12 in Al-Shatar city. Also, in order to obtain groups of subjects that would enable proper statistical analysis, according to Morgan's table, 140 people were selected for this project. Questionnaires used in this research are Bandura Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of Bandura self-efficacy questionnaire is 0.92. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods have been used in this research. In descriptive statistics, frequency tables, graphs, measures of central tendency (mean-median-mean) and standard deviation were used, and in inferential statistics, correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and t-test of independent groups were used. Based on the findings of the research, the results show that there is a relationship between self-efficacy and the mental health of parents of normal and borderline children, and also the results of the t-test showed that the self-efficacy of parents of normal children has a more favorable condition. Keywords: self-efficacy, mental health, parents, normal and borderline children. It will lead to tension, frustration, feelings of sadness and despair. Numerous evidences indicate that parents of children with intellectual disabilities are more likely to face social, economic, and emotional problems that are often restrictive, destructive, and pervasive. In such a situation, although all members of the family and its function are damaged, it is assumed that the problems related to the care of a problem child puts the parents, especially the mother, at risk of suffering from mental health problems.

In recent years, in Iran, as in other countries of the world, a particularly important interest has been shown in the matter of mental health by government officials and the public, and its effects can be seen in the improvement and condition of mental hospitals and the use of correct prevention methods. Lack of compromise, the presence of behavior disorders in human societies is very famous and abundant, and there are unbalanced people in every class and trade union and in every group and community. Any person may suffer from mental discomfort, it is not enough by itself because health is not only limited to describing the causes of behavioral disorders, but its main goal is to prevent the occurrence of discomfort. Prevention is the creation of a factor that complements a healthy and normal life, as well as the treatment of minor behavioral disorders in order to prevent the occurrence of severe mental illnesses. One of the basic conditions of mental health is that a person respects himself and loves himself (Shamlo, 2016).

Educable mentally retarded children refers to a group of mentally retarded who have an IQ of 50-75 and are in the age range of 6-12. In the current research, it is meant to be a person who is educated in special schools based on the diagnosis of education assessment experts. Also, parents with mentally retarded children are among the groups investigated in this study. In the present study, a normal child is a child who does not have mental retardation or blindness or deafness, does not have learning disabilities, and does not have any special psychological problems. The exceptional child and the parents not only have mutual influence on each other, but also influence other members of the family system, i.e. other children. The presence of an exceptional child often causes irreparable damage to the family. The level of vulnerability of the family in front of the injury is such that the mental health of the family suffers severe damage. In the definition of mental health, it should be kept in mind that every person who can deal with his deep issues, must compromise with himself and others and not despair in the face of inevitable internal conflicts and not reject himself by the society. A person is mentally healthy (Narimani et al., 2006)..

Expressing the facts and providing correct and honest information to the parents of an exceptional child based on the latest scientific and experimental knowledge and achievements regarding the special mental or physical conditions of their child will ultimately give them satisfaction and comfort. He is mental.[1] Usually, in response, they say that we had already guessed because he didn't start talking like other children of his age. He didn't start talking when it was expected. We took him to the doctor. The doctor said, don't worry. It's nothing. Wait a few years, he'll be like other children. He can be aware of his behavior and use his thinking power in dealing with various issues and affairs, but man is not always aware of what he is doing, in other words, sometimes man performs an action but he is not aware of the motive of his behavior or the purpose of that behavior. When parents for the first time face the fact that their child is exceptional, their reaction will have consequences, the presence of a mentally disabled child has profound effects on the way each family member communicates with each other and each of them with the disabled child, and these unpleasant effects, if not resolved in a logical and remedial manner, leave irreparable damage on the psyche of the parents, other children in the family, especially the normal child. The common reactions of parents may be in the form of guilt 1 failure and deprivation 2 denying the reality or hiding the truth 3 anxiety and worry Milani Far (1347). The results of Amini et al.'s research (2010) have shown that there is a significant difference between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and mental health of special and normal students. This means that the average emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and mental health of gifted students are higher than normal students.

Until they are controlled and adjusted, such reactions not only endanger the mental health of family members, but also complicate the type of interaction and communication between family members and the mentally or physically disabled child, and ultimately cause the deterioration of their mental energy and other capabilities.

1-2 Statement of the problem

The presence of a retarded child in any family affects the structure of that family and overshadows the mental health of the family, especially the parents. The child involves the whole family in a crisis due to severe conflicts between family members.

Research shows that parents of mentally retarded children are generally at risk of family life problems and emotional difficulties.

In general, the family of a disabled child is different from other children in terms of having a child It faces many problems in the field of their maintenance, education and upbringing. All these issues put pressure on the parents, which cause the peace and unity of the family to break, and as a result, it affects their adaptation. Self-esteem is one of the most important factors in the development and formation of personality and plays a fundamental role in mental health in such a way that low self-esteem and the formation of low self-esteem in parents provide grounds for psychological damage (Valizadeh et al., 2017). The World Health Organization (2004) defines mental health as a state of well-being in which a person recognizes his abilities and uses them effectively and productively and is useful for his community.

According to the research conducted, this research seeks to investigate and research the relationship between self-efficacy and general health among parents with normal and borderline children.

1-3 Importance and necessity of research

The family of a system It is social and the presence of an exceptional child in the family puts a lot of psychological pressure on the parents and family members and can endanger their mental health. It is obvious that mental illness is not specific to a certain stratum or region and includes all classes of society and no human being is immune from psychological and social pressure and in general it should be said that the existence of a mental illness