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The relationship between anxiety and depression with marital conflicts in the clients of NAJA counseling and support centers in Kermanshah

Number of pages: 123 File Format: word File Code: 29934
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Psychology
Tags/Keywords: anxiety - depression - Marital conflicts
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  • Summary of The relationship between anxiety and depression with marital conflicts in the clients of NAJA counseling and support centers in Kermanshah

    Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of psychology (M.A)Clinical orientation

    Abstract

    The family is the center of affection, love and upbringing and the basis of the formation of social life. It is the most basic and basic social form and component. A healthy society depends on the health of the family and the realization of its health depends on the mental health of its members, and every society needs to maintain and expand its values ??in the form of a family for its continuity and survival. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between anxiety and depression with marital conflicts in the clients of NAJA counseling and support centers in Kermanshah. The statistical population of the research includes all the people who in 2013 went to the counseling and assistance departments of the police force in Kermanshah to investigate and resolve their marital conflicts and family disputes. Among them, 100 people have been selected by random and accessible sampling method. Cattle's anxiety questionnaire, Beck's depression scale and marital conflicts questionnaire (MCQ) were used to collect data. The research design is of the correlation type, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression analysis and T-test were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis of the findings showed that there is a significant positive correlation between anxiety and depression with marital conflicts (P?0.01). And depression and anxiety predict marital conflicts. From the results of the research, it can be concluded that marital conflicts are the cause of increasing depression and anxiety among couples. Key words: marital conflicts-anxiety-depression In the following, depression, anxiety and marital conflicts will be studied and investigated from different psychological perspectives and theories. Then the internal and external background will be discussed.

    2-2 Anxiety

    Refers to a state in which a person is excessively worried, tense and upset about something terrible happening in the future. Anxiety has both cognitive and emotional elements. When you are anxious, you feel that something terrible is about to happen that you have no power to change. Then you focus on your inner concerns, becoming alarmed or hypervigilant about possible danger or threats. Anxiety is more future-oriented and general, and it becomes a cause of clinical concern when it reaches such a large level that it disrupts the ability to function in daily life, so that the person is in a maladaptive state characterized by severe physical and mental reactions. These experiences, intense, irrational and overwhelming, are the basis of anxiety disorders. Anxiety includes feelings of uncertainty, helplessness and physiological arousal (Sarason [1], 1987). It was introduced for the first time in the 15th century in the sense of collective pressure. From an emotional point of view, anxiety causes self-illness, absenteeism from work, abuse of psychoactive substances, and a decrease in self-esteem (Nourian et al., 2010).

    Freud considers anxiety to be an everyday phenomenon and a way to explain mental irritation (Khoda Panahi, 2010). Anxiety is usually defined as a diffuse, vague and unpleasant feeling of fear and worry (Sarason, 1987). Anxiety is an emotion that causes people to feel anxious and worried and forces them to change their compromises (Kamkari, 2015). Freud divided anxiety into three types:

    A - Real anxiety: it is experienced when a person is faced with external threats and dangers.

    B - Neurotic anxiety[2]: It occurs when the impulses of the institution[3] threaten the person against cutting off his control and the emergence of behaviors that will lead to his punishment.

    C - Moral anxiety[4]: When it appears that a person has done or even intends to do something contrary to his moral conscience or moral values ??and feels guilty because of this (Azad, 1378)

    2-2-1 The nature of anxiety disorders

    People suffering from anxiety disorders[5] are helpless due to chronic and intense feelings of anxiety. These feelings are so strong that people with these disorders are unable to do their daily activities. Their anxiety is unpleasant and prevents them from enjoying normal situations, but in addition, they try to avoid situations that make them feel anxious. As a result, they lose opportunities to have fun or act according to their desires. The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders for women is 30.5% and 19.2% for men. A superficial look at the statistics of psychiatrists and psychologists in Iran shows that the disorders in question are the most common reason for visiting these specialists. Maybe all of them tried a lot to control the various symptoms of their disease, especially the emotional symptoms, but due to their ineffectiveness, they inevitably went to the therapists. In other words, all of them have used ineffective strategies before referring. In addition, due to the negative attitude of the Iranian people towards mental disorders and competent therapists, the personal effort to control these symptoms is much more serious and often after enduring many and long sufferings of these disorders, a decision is made to receive specialized help. Since most of these people don't have enough knowledge of the appropriate strategies to reduce their discomfort and usually come with a relatively long distance from the onset of their illness, it is natural that their illness becomes chronic and reduces the effectiveness of specialized treatments (Seyd Mohammadi, 1379). 2-2-2 Panic disorder People suffering from panic disorder suffer from panic attacks. These attacks are periods of intense fear and physical discomfort, so that the affected people feel that they are out of control and cannot control themselves. The onset of these attacks is sudden and usually peaks within 10 minutes. Shortness of breath, rapid breathing, dizziness or feeling of imbalance, feeling of suffocation, heart palpitations, shaking, sweating, upset stomach, feeling unreal, feeling numb or mumbling, feeling hot or cold, feeling uncomfortable in the chest, fear of dying or losing control, are among the feelings that a person experiences during a panic attack. While this is happening, the person has a sense of impending doom and a strong desire to escape. It is diagnosed when panic attacks are repeated. However, the diagnosis of this disorder is almost rare, and its lifetime prevalence has been estimated from 1.4 to 2.9% in the United States and other countries of the world (Wiseman et al., 1997).

    Most cases of panic disorder are found in people who are approximately 20 years old, and people in their 30s and 40s are in second place. This disorder is relatively rare among children and adolescents (Olen-Dick, Mathis, Woking, 1994). And it is less likely to occur in old age (Skagin, Floyd, Wofford, 2000). In women, it is almost twice as much as in men. Panic attacks include: 1- Unexpected panic attack (unstimulated) 2- Situational panic attack (stimulated) 3- Situational panic attack. 2-2-3 Agora phobia

    Over time, people with panic disorder learn from places where They are afraid to avoid. However, this type of avoidance can lead to a related disorder called agoraphobia, which is an intense anxiety about being trapped, helpless, or embarrassed in a situation, without help in the event of a panic attack. , or it is a special situation that creates an immediate anxiety response, causes a lot of disruption in performance, and leads to avoidance behavior. Specific phobias are relatively common, so that their prevalence in community samples is between 4 and 8.8% (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).

    2-2-3-2 Social phobia

    People with social phobia [7], experience great anxiety in almost all situations where others observe them.

  • Contents & References of The relationship between anxiety and depression with marital conflicts in the clients of NAJA counseling and support centers in Kermanshah

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    Table of contents

    Title                                                                                                Page

    Abstract 1

    Chapter 1: Introduction to the research

    1-1 Introduction. 3

    1-2 statement of the problem. 6

    1-3 The importance and necessity of research. 8

    1-4 research objectives. 11

    1-4-1 main goal. 11

    1-4-2 Sub-goals. 11

    1-5 research questions. 11

    1-6 definitions of terms and concepts. 12

    1-6-1 Theoretical definitions. 12

    1-6-2 Operational Definitions. 13

    Chapter Two: Research Background

    2-1 Introduction. 15

    2-2 anxiety. 15

    2-2-1 The nature of anxiety disorders. 16

    2-2-2 panic disorder. 17

    2-2-3 Agoraphobia. 17. 2-2-3-1 Specific phobia. 18

    2-2-3-2 social phobia. 18

    2-2-4 generalized anxiety disorder. 18

    2-2-5 obsessive-compulsive disorder. 19

    2-2-6 acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. 20

    2-2-7 Psychological theories about anxiety. 21

    2-2-7-1 Psychodynamic theories. 21

    2-2-7-2 behavioral theory. 22

    2-2-7-3 Physiological theory. 22

    2-2-7-4 Cognitive and existential phenomenological theory. 23

    2-3 Depression. 23

    2-3-1 What is depression? 26

    2-3-2 depressive states. 27

    2-3-3 History of depression. 28

    2-3-4 classification of depression. 28

    2-3-4-1 unipolar mood disorders. 28

    2-3-4-2 major depressive disorder. 29

    2-3-4-3 depressive mood disorder (dystime) 29

    2-3-4-4 periodic mood disorder. 29

    2-3-4-5 bipolar disorder. 30

    2-3-5 prevalence of depression. 32

    2-3-6 endogenous depression versus reactive depression. 33

    2-3-7 seasonal depression. 33

    2-3-8 Differential diagnosis for depression. 34

    2-3-9 What is meant by acute or transient depression? 35

    2-3-10 Depression attacks. 36

    2-3-11 diagnostic criteria for types of depression. 37

    2-3-12 Existing views on depression. 41

    2-3-12-1 biological perspective. 41

    2-3-12-2 psychodynamic perspective. 41

    2-3-12-3 behavioral perspective. 42

    2-3-12-4 cognitive perspective. 43

    2-4 Marital conflicts. 45

    2-4-1 Conflict dimensions. 49

    2-4-2 why family conflicts? 50

    2-4-3 The concept of conflict. 51

    2-4-4 Several specialized definitions of conflict. 52

    2-4-5 marital conflict according to Weil. 52

    2-4-6 views of the conflict. 52

    2-4-6-1 traditional view. 53

    2-4-6-2 perspective of human relations. 53

    2-4-6-3 interactive perspective. 53

    2-4-7 positive and negative opinions about conflict according to Wilmot and Hawker. 53

    2-4-8 eight positive functions of conflict according to Turner. 54

    2-4-9 factors of conflict. 54

    2-4-10 Fields of marital conflicts. 55

    2-4-11 Steps of escalating marital conflict. 56

    2-5 communication patterns. 57

    2-6 Analysis and analysis of conflict. 58

    2-7 conflict resolution methods 58

    2-8 conflict resolution styles and strategies. 59

    2-9 Four basic questions in conflict resolution. 60

    2-10 The effect of anxiety on relationships and marital conflicts. 62

    2-11 research background. 65

    2-11-1 Internal research. 65

    2-11-2 Foreign research. 71

    Chapter Three: Research Method

    3-1 Introduction. 76

    3-2 research method. 76

    3-3 Introduction of variables 76

    3-4 Statistical population. 76

    3-5 sample population and sampling method. 76

    3-6 research tools. 77

    3-7 Implementation Method 79

    3-8 Data Analysis Method 79

    Chapter Four: Research Findings

    4-1 Introduction. 81

    4-2 Descriptive statistics. 81

    4-3 tables and diagrams 82

    4-3-1 tables and diagrams81

    4-3 Tables and charts 82

    4-3-1 Tables and charts of the demographic frequency of respondents to the questionnaire. 82

    4-4 inferential statistics. 86

    4-5 method of testing research questions. 86

    4-6 Analysis of research questions. 87

    4-7 summary of analysis and test, separately for each question. 87

    4-7-1 First question test. 87

    4-7-2 Second question test. 89

    4-7-3 Test of the third question. 91

    Chapter Five: Discussion and Conclusion

    5-1 Introduction. 93

    5-2 Examining the questions 93

    5-3 Comparing the results of the questions with previous studies. 95

    4-5 Conclusion from the author's point of view 96

    5-5 Limitations of the research. 96

    5-6 research proposals. 97

    5-6 practical suggestions. 97

    Sources and sources. 98

    Appendices 104

    Source:

    Sources and sources

    1- Azarbaijani, Mohammad (1385). A comparison of marital conflicts and the health of intercultural and monocultural marriages in female students of the University of Isfahan, Master's thesis in counseling of the University of Isfahan. 2- Atkinson, Rital; Atkinson, Richards; Smith, Eduardai (1378). Psychological field of Hilgard, translated by Brahani, Mohammad Naghi et al., Tehran: Rushd

    3- Afkhami, Imane; Bahrami, Fatemeh; Fatihizadeh, Maryam (1386). Investigating the relationship between the level of forgiveness and marital conflict of couples in Yazd province. Family Research Quarterly, Year 3, Number 9, Spring 2016.

    4-Barati, Tahera (1375). The effect of marital conflicts on mutual relations between husband and wife, Master's thesis in Counseling (unpublished). Islamic Azad University of Rohan.

    5- Powell, Lindsey, J.A. (2008). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders of Adults in Clinical Psychology", translated by Nikokho, Mohammadreza, Tehran: Sokhon Publications, first edition.

    6- Prochaska, James; Norcross, John (2007). Theories of psychotherapy. Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi (1389). Tehran: Nashravan.

    7- Sanai Zakir, Bagher (1387). Survey of family and marriage. Tehran: Baath Publications. Second edition.

    8 - Sanai, Bagher et al. (2007). Family and marriage measurement scales. Ba'ath Publishing House.

    9- George, Ricky L; Christiani, Terzas (1374). Counseling psychology. Translators, Reza Fallahi and Mohsen Hajilou, Tehran: Rushd Publications.

    10- Heydari, Hassan (2008). Comparison of effectiveness of systematic group motivational counseling program and effective couples' conversation in reducing marital conflicts. Master thesis, University of Research Sciences.

    11- W, James; Wender, Zendan (1376). Psychology of Development, translated by Hamze Ganji, Tehran: Baath.

    12 - Delawar, Ali (1378). Applied probabilities and statistics in psychology and educational sciences, Tehran: Rushd.

    13 - Delavar, Ali (2009). Theoretical foundations of scientific research in humanities and social sciences, Tehran: Rushd. 14- Dehghan, Fatemeh (2013) "Comparison of marital conflicts of women applying for divorce with women referred for marriage counseling", Master's thesis in Counseling, Teacher Education University. 15- Derkeh, Mohsen (2014). The effectiveness of Kurdish music melodies on reducing depression in dormitory students, Master's thesis in psychology. General, Razi University of Kermanshah. 16- Ranjber, Farhadkhet; Ashtarab, Tahereh; Justice, Athena (2016). Investigating the effectiveness of group-based cognitive behavioral therapy on the level of depression in Yazd women, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. 17- Sarokhani, Baqer (2015). An introduction to the sociology of the family, Tehran: Soroush.

    18- Salari, Razieh Sadat (2010). Comparison of family functioning in depressed and normal adolescents, master's thesis, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. 19- Sadok, Benjamin; Sadock, Virginia (2007). Kaplan and Sadok's summary of psychiatry. Translated by Farzin Rezaei (2010). Tehran: Arjamand Publications. 20- Shafiabadi, Abdullah; Naseri, Gholam Reza (1380), Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Tehran: Academic Publishing Center.

    21- Tahanian Nazari, Samieh (1391). Master's Degree in Counseling and Guidance / Al-Zahra University.

    22- Tahmasabi, Mehtab (1391). The relationship between spirituality and resilience with anxiety and depression among students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Master's thesis in General Psychology, Razi University Kermanshah.

    23- Abbassian, Hamid Reza (2008). Investigating the effect of Milan's systemic family therapy on reducing conflicts. Master thesis.

    24- Azizi, Parisa (2006). Investigating the effectiveness of group therapy with the approach of conversational communication analysis in reducing women's marital conflicts.

The relationship between anxiety and depression with marital conflicts in the clients of NAJA counseling and support centers in Kermanshah
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