Moral education of children from the point of view of Imam Ali (AS)

Master's Thesis in the field of Educational Sciences

Abstract

The present study was investigated with the aim of examining the moral education of children with emphasis on Imam Ali (AS)'s point of view. In this research, while providing a brief definition of the ethics and perceptions of Imam Ali (AS), the foundations, principles, method, purpose and also the qualification of the teacher's words for the moral education of children have been investigated. This research is documentary; The method of data analysis is content analysis as well as inferential, the method of gathering information from the library method with reference to theses, and internet sites and religious books such as Nahjal Balagha, Quran and Islamic texts. The results of this research show that in the basics of moral education of children, piety, acts of worship, order of accountability, freedom, justice and injustice, tyranny and tyranny of the world, righteous action and service to creation, rationality and thinking in affairs and knowledge-building in the principles of moral education according to the conditions of the human environment, honor, reason, continuity in action, reminder, grace and justice in the method of moral education to grounding, socializing and meetings, modeling, respecting, cooperation, cultivation and Refining the self, practicing, repeating and making it a habit, calculating, preaching, teaching lessons, exaggeration, exaggeration in encouraging and repenting for the purposes of moral education, piety, contentment, persistence and cultivating the spirit of justice, as well as in determining the teacher's qualification for moral education, sincerity in intention and action, commitment to good deeds, good character and humility, high effort and self-chastity, aware of the requirements of the time, paying attention to responsibility and creating grounds for the flourishing and growth of thinking, reasoning and spirituality in the teachers.

Key words: education, moral education, child.

Introduction

Man today has faced many problems due to his distance from spirituality, value and moral issues. Dignity killing and war, addiction, prostitution and corruption, which we witness every day in all parts of the world through the media, are all caused by indifference and indifference to moral values ??and their weakening in the education of the new generation. And one of the most important reasons for these problems is the failure of thinkers and thinkers of education in the world to deal with values ??and moral issues.

Therefore, research in moral education is considered one of the necessities of the present age, and therefore, in this research, we have investigated the foundations, principles, goals, methods of moral education of children and the qualifications of the teaching profession to educate children in the view of Imam Ali (a.s.) The objectives of the research are: to present a coherent plan of moral education of children from the point of view of the Holy Prophet and to create a context for thinking and rethinking about the moral education of children in the society and to collect the views of Imam Ali (AS) on the principles and methods of moral education and the qualifications of the teaching profession for raising children.

The method of this research is descriptive and analytical and the method of extracting findings is also based on the description and study of the texts of Nahj al-Balagha, commentary on Nahj al-Balagha, related to the hadiths of the Prophet And the method of inference is conceptual analysis and inference and interpretation, also the following points can be mentioned from the results of the research. The principles of moral education from the perspective of Amir al-Mu'minin include: acts of worship, freedom, justice and anti-tyranny, asceticism and avoidance of worldly deceitful decorations, righteous action and service to creation, rationality and thinking in affairs, accumulation of knowledge combined with action, the principles of moral education of children from the perspective of Imam Ali (a.s.) include: reforming the conditions of human environment, honor, reason, continuity in action, reminder, grace and justice. And also, the methods of moral education from his point of view are: setting the context, modeling, socializing and meeting, respecting, neglecting, cultivation, and refining the self, repetition and practice and the habit of calculating the self, preaching, learning lessons, forgiveness, repentance, exaggeration in encouragement and punishment and punishment.

Statement of the problem

As we know, childhood is the time of the division of shape and development of human personality, and it is of special importance. This is why it has been said: a child at the age of five is a small version of the young person he will be later. In this period, by observing the principles of education and appropriate adaptations, using democratic methods and avoiding coercive encounters and relying on human values ??and emotional criteria, the skills and talents of children and adolescents should be nurtured and developed.In the teachings of the infallible leaders, it is stated that you should teach your children prayer, swimming, shooting, and Abdi songs (Islami, 1379).

As stated, from the point of view of Islam, the importance of childhood is so much that all religious leaders have paid special attention to this period in their teachings. One of the principles that should be paid attention to during childhood is the issue of raising children. As a purposeful and thoughtful being, he achieves his goals and ideals and conquers the lofty peak of his desired happiness. From this point of view, Islamic education is doubly necessary for a Muslim person because a person who hangs the pearl necklace of religion and servitude to the Supreme Creator will not achieve the medal of honor of servitude and submission except in the light of correct Islamic education. The aim of placing their views and practical way is to walk the right path of servitude and happiness and to take steps in this valley faster and to reach their destination faster. Therefore, the innocents (peace be upon them) who have the gem of infallibility and immunity from error and mistake, are the best and most reliable educational models, and presenting their views and discovering and presenting their educational way is an undeniable necessity for the proponents of Islamic education and education, which includes There are several types of moral, psychological, religious, social, political and economic education, among which moral education has a high and necessary position.

In the meantime, presenting the views and educational history of Imam Ali (a.s.) who is the "Abba al-A'imah" and the head of the chain of successors by prophetic right and the beginning of the manifestation of the Imamate of the Infallibles (peace be upon him) and the first founder of the Alawite Islamic government, adds to the necessity of this work. Education has amazing importance in human life. The flourishing of talents and noble values ??is based on education and training, and becoming a human being and reaching the ultimate perfection all depends on proper education and training. Man is not only trainable, but he is the only creature that needs education and training, and if he loses this opportunity, he will lose precious things forever. Education and training can help the physical and spiritual growth and development of human beings and meet individual, social, economic and other needs. to provide for man. In other words, all matters of human life are related to education. From the point of view of Islam, a person who does not benefit from education is like a person who is lost and confused in a dry desert and does not know which way to go to reach his destination. Also, the struggle and efforts of parents and teachers in the way of education and good management of life and creating prosperity and Hazrat Ali (AS) said: "The best inheritance from fathers for children is politeness and good education".

It is necessary to educate children morally with the foundations and cultural and social values ??of the society, and since our society is an Islamic society and the cultivation of Shia religion, it is necessary that moral education is consistent with Islamic and Shia culture. The problem is that we should know what is the component of moral education for the moral education of a child?

Necessity and importance of research

One of the important issues that contemporary education is facing is the issue of moral education. The importance of moral education in educational systems is obvious and undeniable. Basically, ethics and moral education are one of the basic pillars of human culture. For this reason, this topic has been of interest in Islamic culture for a long time and today it has been the focus of researchers in many countries (Hosseini, 1384, p. 63). Therefore, dealing with issues related to ethics and, accordingly, moral education has a high status (Aye Al-Roud, 2011, p. 61).

Ethics and moral education have long been the concern of human thinkers and religious leaders due to their important role in the destiny of man and society. Most of the teachings of divine religions, especially Islam, are ethics, and most of the activity of religious leaders is education (Davoudi Rad, 1375, pp. 153-157).

In the western view, moral education is usually referred to a process during which efforts are made to educate and habituate citizens in such a way that they can cope with social regulations and laws, in its general sense, and adapt to them. to conform (Bagheri, 2012, p. 10).