Dissertation for Master Degree (M.A.)
Trend: General
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to predict children's mental health and resilience based on marital satisfaction and mothers' attachment styles. The method of the present research was descriptive correlation of the predictive type. The statistical population of this research is made up of all the 10-12-year-old students of primary schools in Shiraz who are studying in the academic year of 1992-1993 and their mothers. In this research, using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, the number of 125 students along with their mothers was determined as a statistical sample. Then, marital satisfaction and attachment style questionnaires were administered to mothers and mental health and resilience questionnaires were administered to their children. The collected data were statistically analyzed using spss software and Pearson's correlation coefficient, simple linear regression analysis, simultaneous multiple regression. The results of the research showed that marital satisfaction and attachment styles of mothers explain part of the variance of children's mental health and resilience. Also, marital satisfaction has a stronger predictive power for children's mental health and resilience. The results showed that marital satisfaction can be of particular importance for mothers.
Key words: marital satisfaction, attachment styles, mental health, resilience, mothers
1-1 Introduction
Children are the most valuable assets of society and the most precious gifts entrusted to parents by God. is Every child who grows up in the family environment if his physical and mental needs are met; He enters the society as a healthy person, and there is no doubt that the health of the community will be guaranteed by the health of the family members. No society can claim health if it does not have healthy families. None of the social harms can arise without the influence of the family, and in fact, the maintenance and continuity of this sacred institution depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife. The marital relationship, which is the foundation of the family system, is one of the most complex human relationships.
Investigating the factors that can maintain mental health [1] or the factors that expose people to psychological and social harm seems necessary. According to research, people who respond to life stress with optimism and flexibility and use constructive coping strategies and take control of life events, They have better immune system function, better cope with disease and have higher mental health (Kevin [2], 2006). According to Balbi[3] (1969), attachment, which is an emotional bond between a child and a mother, determines a person's health and mental health. Griffin and Bartholomew [4] (1994) stated that the initial emotional bond has a great impact on personality development, interpersonal relationships formation, specific coping methods, social compromises and as a result mental health (cited by Boroujerdi, Sohrabi and Barjali, 2013). High mental health guarantees the desired quality of life even in crisis situations, if it is at a high level based on factors such as secure attachment and an adaptive coping strategy, the quality of physical symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep patterns, social functioning and depression will be at an appropriate level (Smith and Segal[5], 2011). has That is, any wavering in marital satisfaction [6] or the absence of a successful marriage, in addition to disrupting the inner peace of couples, also threatens the survival and durability of the family. Therefore, the current research has been conducted with the aim of predicting resilience[7] and mental health of children based on marital satisfaction and attachment styles[8] of mothers.
1-2 Statement of the problem:
The issue of health has been important and always discussed since the beginning of mankind and for many centuries. The World Health Organization, while paying attention to the authorities of the countries to ensure the physical, mental and social health of the people of the society, always emphasizes that none of these three dimensions is superior to the other. Undoubtedly, the physical and mental health of people in the society is very important and it is one of the most important issues in the world today, and ensuring the health of the society is one of the basic issues of every country, which should be considered from the three dimensions of physical, mental and social.. Undoubtedly, the physical and mental health of people in the society is very important and it is one of the most important issues in the world today, and ensuring the health of the society is one of the basic issues of every country, which should be considered from the three dimensions of physical, mental and social. Until now, different definitions of mental health have been presented.
The World Health Organization considers mental health to be the ability to communicate harmoniously with others, to change and modify the personal and social environment, and to resolve conflicts and personal desires fairly and appropriately. It should be noted that mental health is related to internal empowering characteristics or internal sources of power. Possession of these internal resources increases a person's ability to grow adaptively despite adverse circumstances and negative events to maintain mental health (Rahimian Bogar, Najafi, Tabatabaian, Heydari, Deshiri, Izadpour, 2019). The family can be a constructive factor for the child in terms of physical, mental, emotional, mental and the like, or it can be the factor of the child's deviance. The family is one of the most important and fundamental institutions that helps a child's growth and development, and it is in this group that the child touches the world around him for the first time.
The relationship between the parent and the child is one of the most important components of social life and plays an important role in the mental health of parents and children (Rose, Haver and Hein[9], 2010). The first emotional relationship and the first relationship that is reflected in the subsequent behavior pattern is formed between the child and his caregiver (De Elia [10], 2001). Since the main caregivers of children each use their own communication and interaction styles in relation to the child to meet the needs of the child, each of these styles has a unique effect on the development of the child's personality and mental health. Meanwhile, many of the communication styles used by caregivers are not very efficient and lead to the formation of incompatible styles in the child, which can affect the child's coping strategies and mental health. It seems that mothers who have a secure attachment style are able to establish a warm and secure relationship with their child, and in this way, they provide the means to improve resilience and ultimately "psychological health" of the children.
According to the definition of Balbi (1969), attachment is the emotional bond between a growing child and the mother who is primarily responsible for taking care of him. Researchers believe that the attachment created in childhood continues to the next stages of life and life It affects the person. In addition to the fact that the attachment to the spouse and other people can be replaced by the attachment to the mother, both attachment partners act as a source of attachment to each other. Marriage is the basis for the formation and continuous attachment and separations that are explained in the framework of the attachment theory Continuity of marriage and marital satisfaction, on the other hand, fundamentally connects the emotional bond of attachment and marital satisfaction (cited by Attari et al., 2014) and both can overshadow the mental health of family members. In addition to mothers' attachment styles, marital satisfaction can also be one of the factors that affect children's mental health.
According to Attari, Abbasi Sarcheshmeh and Mehrabizadeh Artman (2004), marital satisfaction is one of the most important factors affecting family functioning. All couples seek to enjoy their married life and feel satisfied.
Marital satisfaction, that is, the compatibility between the expectations that a person has from married life and what he experiences in his life. Satisfaction is an attitudinal variable, therefore, it is considered an individual characteristic for husband and wife. According to the aforementioned definition, marital satisfaction is actually a positive and enjoyable attitude that a husband and wife have in various aspects of their marital relationship (Birami, Fahimi, Akbari, Amiri Picha Kalaei, 2013). Marital satisfaction can be a reflection of people's level of happiness from marital relationships or a combination of satisfaction due to many factors specific to marital relationships. A mother who is satisfied with her marital relationship, has a positive feeling and attitude towards herself and her family, and probably, by having the positive energy resulting from marital satisfaction, she provides more suitable opportunities for the growth and health of her children.