Investigating the predictive role of personality traits in suicide attempts in emergency patients of Bandar Abbas hospitals.

  Abstract

       The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of personality traits on suicide attempts.  For this purpose, 54 people with a history of suicide attempts were randomly selected as a sample in the emergency room of Bandar Abbas hospitals. In addition, the same number of control groups of normal people (without a history of suicide) were selected by the researcher, taking into account matching in terms of age, education, gender, and socio-economic status.  In order to analyze the data, descriptive indices and detection function analysis were used using spss software. The results of the analysis of the detection function showed that personality traits can distinguish people who commit suicide from normal people. The results showed that neuroticism has the most relationship with recognition function. After that, the variables of extroversion, flexibility, agreeableness and conscientiousness have the most relationship with the recognition function. The coefficients of the neuroticism detection function are positive and the coefficients of extraversion, flexibility, agreeableness and conscientiousness are negative. In general, the results of the current research emphasize the role of personality traits in committing suicide. Key words: neuroticism, extroversion, flexibility, agreeableness, youthfulness, and committing suicide. 1-1 Introduction Throughout time, human life has always been associated with certain phenomena and problems that have made people think and provided a context to overcome them through examination and questioning. slow down With the progress of mankind, the expansion of communities and more conflict with problems, the issues have become more numerous. Suicide is one of the common abnormal phenomena in western societies and Iran, which accounts for a percentage of deaths. This factor has caused many sociologists and psychologists to diagnose and study it from various aspects in their studies and researches and to identify many variables involved in it and to express the methods of dealing with them or removing the obstacles. but definitely this effect does not mean being the cause and according to the researchers, suicide never happens as a result of an agent or incident. Usually, a complex interaction of psychological factors, physical illness, substance abuse, family problems, interpersonal conflicts, environmental conditions, individual characteristics, and personal, social, and professional life stress leads to suicide in a person. (Ali Reza Ahmadi, 1384).

Suicide as a multifactorial phenomenon needs more investigation and study, and the present study was also conducted with this aim and tries to study the personality characteristics of people who commit suicide and investigate the role of these factors in the prevalence of suicide attempts.

Researches have shown that personality plays a very important and significant role in many behaviors. Personality as a determining factor, which affects all human behaviors in the field of personal and social life, can cause serious problems for the person and those around him. All human beings are similar to each other in terms of having personality in the broadest sense of the word, that is, everyone has a personality. But this character is not the same in everyone. Rather, it is in each person in a special way that distinguishes him from others. The differences that people have with each other are so great that it is impossible to find even two people who are similar in every way. Every person and event is unique in its own way. Despite this, there are so many similarities between many people and their life events that common points can be considered, and it is precisely these behavior patterns that are of interest to psychologists (Sotoudeh, 2018). 

1-2     Statement of the problem

    The history of abnormal suicidal behavior is as long as the history of human existence on the planet and due to the contradictions that this phenomenon has with the principle of human life, it has long been condemned and considered ugly in all societies and cultures. Its growing growth and spread, especially among teenagers and young people, has turned suicide from an individual abnormality into a widespread social problem (Porafkari, 2015).Today, the Iranian society with its strong culture and background is not immune from this damage and the concerns about the nature of its existence and spread are still present in scientific discussions and are the basis for the formation of studies and researches. A review of the studies conducted in the last two decades in the field of suicide epidemiology in Iran shows that the rate of suicide prevalence and attempts is increasing in most provinces of the country, especially among teenagers and young people (Mohsani Tabrizi, 1372, Yasmi, 1377, Khazaei and Parvizi, 1382) and according to the latest statistics, the suicide age in Iran has reached lower than 19 years. The significant prevalence among adolescents and young people indicates the fact that we should pay serious attention to suicide as a social crisis and an acute and emergency medical problem (Khazaei and Parvizi, 2012). The type of occurrence of this phenomenon in society has a range from suicidal thoughts, suicide threats and suicide attempts to complete suicide. In terms of epidemiology and the extent of its spread, suicide attempts are a range of types of suicides that have always been higher than the number of suicides that did not result in suicide (Aghabigloui, 2018) or in such a way that the resulting injury does not lead to death (Ahmadi, 2018), but at the same time, it is a strong predictor of future suicide.

It is considered a serious public health problem (Goldberk 1 and Robin 2, 2000) which ultimately leads to the death and destruction of a human being. Today, the rate of suicide and attempted suicide is one of the most important indicators of the mental health of people in the community, which is currently the cause of 12% of adolescent deaths (Kaplan 3 and Sadock 4, 2016) and is the second cause of death in people aged 25 to 37 years and the third cause in people 15 to 24 years old in the United States (Andersen 5 and Trew 6, 2002).

    Epidemiological studies indicate that Suicide occurs among all classes and sections of the population and is prevalent in all ages, races and social minorities. Although there is no recorded and accurate statistics on the rate of suicide in Iran, but based on the researches, the suicide statistics are similar to other countries (Mohsani, 1366; Garmkhani, 1378; Jamshidzadeh, 1382) and have a high prevalence (Thaqe-ul-Islam and Rezaei, 1384). It is prevalent and occurs among all classes, population segments and at all ages, races and social minorities (Mohammadkhani, 2013).

This may be because committing suicide is a way out of crises that consistently cause severe harm to a person, and it can also be seen as a reaction to internal, external or life-related stress (Rehbar Tarmsari, Orang). Pour, Musovian and Davam 1383). Marriage, conflicts with relatives, psychological disorders (Mohammadkhani, 2013), sex, age, depression, conduct disorder, drug and substance abuse, low self-esteem, despair or helplessness, loneliness, and guilt have been mentioned (Kadivar and Zahedi, 2016). According to the research findings of Nouri, Salimi, Ismaili (2010), Personality (introversion, neuroticism and psychosis), depression, having suicidal thoughts and low general health are important factors for identifying people at risk of suicide and self-mutilation. The relationship between social isolation and suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts has also been found in many diverse samples of various ages and nationalities and people with severe clinical problems (Guin 1 and Apter 2, 2012). Various studies have shown that anxiety disorders are related to the increased risk of suicidal behavior (Algolander 3, Lavery 4 2000) and there is a relationship between social introversion, irritable nature and the risk of suicide. (Ortigo 5, Westen 6, Bradley 7, 2009) which is believed to be caused by certain personality traits; Because personality, which refers to a complex organization of tendencies and characteristics, can be related to important life outcomes, including health and diseases (Masoudnia, 2019).