Examining the reading and study habits of Allameh Tabatabai University students

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Information Science and Epistemology

Abstract

Reading and study habits are one of the most important factors influencing academic and social success in students. It is recommended to replace the correct habits of reading and studying to achieve learning, education and growth of students in all fields. The aim of the current research is to investigate the reading and study habits of graduate students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of Allameh Tabatabai University. In the current descriptive study, 313 people out of 1747 students were selected by simple random sampling, and 353 questionnaires were collected. The tools of this research include Abdul Karim and Hassan (2006) Reading Habits Questionnaire and Reedwood College Study Habits Questionnaire (PSSH) by Palsani and Sharma. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for two questionnaires, 0.96 and 0.85, respectively. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics (prevalence, frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation and variance) with SPSS statistical software. The findings show that students chose textbooks as their first priority for all types of reading materials. The amount of reading time is one hour a day and 7-8 hours a week; The respondents chose the Internet as the first channel to access reading materials, preferring to read at home at night; Their purpose of reading is primarily to acquire information. The main problems of the researched students in the field of study habits are in the field of holding exams with an average (1.365), motivation (1.394), concentration (1.411), organizing time (1.447), remembering (1.459), studying a chapter (1.523), and listening and taking notes (1.6), so in general, it can be said that the students' study habits are average. And it seems that students have not learned the correct way and method of reading and studying, so it is suggested that the correct way and method and proper habits of reading and studying be taught.

Key words: reading, study, reading habit, study habit, students

Introduction

The subject of reading and studying has been raised and considered a cultural element in the history of human civilization for a long time. From a long time ago, human beings have followed the knowledge of life with the variable of reading and reading in texts, and for this need, they bring cultural logic, although the transformation and changes of technology and its requirements have transformed reading and studying in the contemporary era (Sha'bani, Naderi, 2018).

Reading; The beginning of education, and education is the beginning of education. Education begins with reading, and it can be thought that reading is the beginning of moving from darkness and ignorance to light. Reading and writing is the beginning of intelligence, insight and knowledge of humans (Shikranz[1], 2018). Therefore, in today's world, there is no person without the need of reading, because there is no other way to reach human experiences in many centuries. Therefore, every educational environment, at any point of time, is bound to encourage children and teenagers to continuously (read) and read books in various and innovative ways and to provide people with the learning resources needed for the day" (Shaarinejad, 1378). Reading is defined as a general step and it is: the process of disagreement or sign reading. Reading means understanding written and printed materials, or reading, is an introduced cognitive process, in which the reader's views and the reading process are closely related to the material to be learned (Barati Alavijeh, 2013). By reading books repeatedly and having a good reading habit, the reader can analyze the opinions of others and have a more critical thinking (Cunningham and Stanovich [2], 2001). Reading provides readers with a wealth of knowledge, understanding and a sense of values, as well as the ability to understand the beliefs of others and develop the greatest virtues (An Namalai[3] and Munyandi, 2013; cited in Cook, Halleran, E.Brien[4], 1998). Looking at something to understand it, reading a written text to understand it (Moin, 1375). Studying as a social skill is the ladder of progress and evolution of every nation. There is a very high correlation between study and development of individuals and societies. Learning and learning reading skills makes people enjoy reading, fill their free time and take effective steps.. Learning study skills makes people enjoy reading, fill their free time, and take effective steps towards perfection, and the result will be the health and growth of the individual and society (Zulfaqari, 2014). A healthy society is a society whose members are able to meet the needs of life, through conventional employment, from healthy entertainment and desirable human relations and emotional bliss that they get from spending their free time properly, so that they do not take a deviant path for fleeting pleasure. Studying and reading books is one of the most informative ways that by providing the necessary contexts and creating motivation, pleasure, enthusiasm and encouragement, it can create the habit of reading suitable and useful readings in the society. (Yaghmai, Khandan, 2013).

Man is curious throughout his life and wants to gain more knowledge about himself, others, the environment, opinions, ideas, and thoughts, and reading and studying is one of the ways to realize this ideal. The habit of reading and reading is acquired, and the necessary conditions for the formation and durability of this habit should be provided to people in every way (Qezel Ayagh, 2013). One of the most important pillars of education in today's society is the habit of reading and studying, and experience has shown that those who have been accustomed to reading and studying since childhood not only make good use of their free time, but also, as a result of gaining more and deeper knowledge, they know their direction better and are better in the field of action. They express themselves. On the contrary, those who are strangers to reading, inevitably waste their free time in various ways, indulge in pastimes that sometimes even lead to deviations and moral deviations. The habit of reading and studying, like many other habits, is formed in childhood, and that is why education for reading and studying is the main concern of science and education experts in today's world (Mohsani Kabir, 1377). The present research has investigated reading and study habits. The practical purpose of the current research is to determine the reading and study habits of the students of Allameh Tabatabai University and to provide suggestions for proper reading and study habits in order to acquire science and knowledge as the foundation and foundation for the development and progress of the country and the way to the well-being, happiness and wisdom of the society and people. It is possible, this educational mobility has become an irreplaceable pleasure, and sometimes an incomparable benefit that requires its own special framework (Naderi, Shabani, Abedi, 1389, quoted by Mukherjee, 1379).

Reading is a skill that we all consider normal, but in fact it is a complex and excellent process that includes many different components. Socrates says: Society when Farzang and He is happy that reading is his daily work. Reading is the most important skill that is acquired in the early years of school and its impact remains throughout a person's life. Reading development depends on the interaction between environmental factors (stimulation from home, school, and community) and biological factors. Through reading, a person's knowledge about the world around him increases and his vocabulary expands, both of which are necessary for the development of reading (Nadri, Shabani and Abedi, 2009, quoted by Ashrafi Rizi, 2010). Frank Smith (1974), as the first researcher and researcher, introduces reading as "a plan of direct intervention of the reader in the text". He considers reading as a method of reducing unknowns, and to achieve this through reading, there are four stages: "drawing information, phonological and phonological information, compositional information and semantic information". Goodman and Smith introduce reading as a single process (Hasanzadeh, 2016). Goodman [5], as a famous author in 1967, in an article entitled "A Proposed Plan for the Psychology of Language", believes that the reader uses three specific methods to read the text, which he calls graphic, compositional, and semantic phonetic signs. In other words, readers first use the knowledge of visual signs and phonetic composition. Then they use the combined knowledge equivalent to the possible types of words and finally, through the knowledge of semantics, they become aware of the types of words and how they are placed together. The combinational and semantic method is powerful enough, and the successful reader only needs the level of graphical phonetic cues through which to test their hypotheses. If a word is repeatedly removed from the text, it can be guessed through analogies and important topics, or its place can be filled with a synonymous word.