Examining the position of the components of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the approved objectives of the secondary school and the effective solutions for its institutionalization in schools according to the teachers of Qom city.

Dissertation for Master's Degree

Educational Sciences: Curriculum Planning Department

Abstract

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the place of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the approved objectives of the secondary school and the effective solutions of its institutionalization in schools according to the teachers of Qom city. The current descriptive research consists of methods; Documentary analysis is content analysis and navigation, and its approach is also practical. The research community includes three parts; The documents and documents related to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom, the approved objectives of the secondary school and all the teachers of the secondary school (2925 people) are teaching in the city of Qom in the academic year 2013 94. In the first part, all available and related scientific documents in the field of culture of sacrifice and martyrdom were examined, in the second part, purposeful sampling was used, and in the third part, using Cochran's formula, 340 teachers were estimated as a sample and selected by stratified random sampling. The tools of data collection were a survey form in the document analysis section, a researcher-made content analysis checklist in the content analysis section, and a researcher-made questionnaire in the survey section. research data, in the document analysis section in a qualitative way, in the content analysis section using descriptive statistics indicators and in the survey section using inferential tests; Single-sample T, independent groups T, one-way analysis of variance and Friedman were analyzed in Spss 19 software environment. The main results of the research show that: 1. The framework of axes and conceptual components of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom has been counted and classified in 4 axes and 43 components after reviewing the relevant documents. 2. In the section of approved objectives of secondary school, out of the total of 38 units of analysis, political objectives with 9 frequency and 23.68% have the most and scientific-educational objectives without any attention, have the least amount of attention to the axes and conceptual components of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. 3. According to the teachers, among the four strategies effective on institutionalizing the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in schools, educational strategies with an average of 4.21 have the most impact and research strategies with an average of 2 have the least impact. 4. There was a significant difference between the opinions of the respondents according to gender at the level of p<0.05. Key words: culture of sacrifice and martyrdom, goals, secondary school, solution, institutionalization. Introduction Every society has a set of values ??[1] that play a strengthening role in it. These values ??are among the most important components of a culture[2], because they originate from the beliefs[3] of a nation and influence in various fields. People of a society organize their speech and behavior based on the values ??they accept and adhere to. Among them, moral and religious values ??have a prominent position in terms of the deep impact they leave on the soul and psyche of people and are more evident in their individual and social behavior (Jan Fashan, Hosseini, 1389: 106).

Values ??are deeply rooted beliefs that are passed from one generation to another through the mechanism of socialization[4]. Socialization is an important mechanism that institutionalizes the values ??of society in humans. Internalization [5] or institutionalization [6] in the process [7] of socialization takes place through various social institutions, one of which is education. In this process, the people of the society willingly accept social values ??without feeling pressure or coercion (Rostami, Erfani, 1389: 168).

One of the basic values ??of Islamic societies is the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom [8]. The culture of sacrifice and martyrdom, as one of the richest treasures of Islamic culture, can be the engine of worldly, moral, and otherworldly progress. society as well as a great support for the preservation and protection of Islam and the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Cherahi, Islampanah, 1389: 102).

On the other hand, considering that the most important capital of any nation is the youth of that country, and the mindset, attitude, behavior and spirit of the youth and the youth of every border and region will determine the future policy of the country. If he follows weak intellectuals and wrong ideas and culture, he will turn into a shaky, identityless person and a burden on the society.In the contemporary world, where the enemies with cultural aggression and in the field of soft war are trying every day to trick the youth away from their valuable beliefs, make them depersonalized and follow the western culture, raising children in the light of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom can be the guarantee of their moral and spiritual growth and excellence and the best and strongest mechanism in this direction. Therefore, the transmission of these values ??to the new generation is of great importance, and the first way to transfer and institutionalize this culture is through education (Saeedmanesh, Elahi, 1389: 186).

The culture of sacrifice and martyrdom, by influencing the intellectual and mental atmosphere of the youth, makes both the old and new generations find a common understanding of society and the philosophy of life. Also, this sublime culture must be reproduced[9], otherwise it will be limited and its use will be less in the present and future era. However, if in this reproduction, a desirable cultural formation takes place and a suitable platform is provided for its institutionalization, on the one hand, we have transferred the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom to the present generation and established intergenerational relations, and on the other hand, we have guaranteed a new culture of the values ??of sacrifice and martyrdom. Therefore, the official education system of the country should place the flourishing and cultivation of these fundamental elements at the top of its goals and plans (Shahin, Cheshme Sohrabi, 1387: 423).

In view of the above, among the goals that can be counted for education and training, the development of moral virtues of students is based on the teachings of Islam. The school is responsible for preparing the new generation for today's society. Today, many people lack the necessary and basic abilities to face life's problems, and this has made them vulnerable in facing everyday problems and problems. Adolescents and young people need functions that equip them to acquire these abilities in order to deal with the pressures of different situations, therefore, by emphasizing the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom, we can provide opportunities for the moral development of students, so that adolescents and young people can acquire the abilities of reading, writing, counting, etc. They should learn the concepts of this culture and institutionalize it in themselves so that by using it in their lives, they have the ability to stand up and deal with problems (Jamshidian et al., 2017: 294). The first view is that the goal of the educational system is to familiarize students with the concept, dimensions and examples of the mentioned category. In other words, knowing the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom is relevant. In the second view, the purpose of introducing this category in the educational system is to make students acquire a set of moral virtues and to institutionalize this culture in schools and students. By accepting the second point of view, the issue of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom is proposed as a tool that can help to achieve the goals of the educational system (Havangi, 2009: 398-397).

1-2. Statement of the problem

Culture is the basis and foundation of progress and excellence of humans and shows the authenticity of a nation. In all human societies, there are values ??that form the main foundation of that society's culture. The importance and position of these values ??is such that every nation finds its identity and social and political life in adhering to and respecting them and transferring them to future generations. The culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom is one of these values ??that has a special value and place in all societies, and as a developed and progressive culture, it is one of the highest divine concepts, and as a result, the highest and best values ??that a committed person who adheres to human and moral standards can achieve that position (Rajbali, 1385: 49). Prosperity has the deepest cultures in all ages and times. In the meantime, the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom is closely related to the teachings of religion, and in fact, it must be acknowledged that if this culture was not ideal and lofty, there would not have been any movement for the formation of the Islamic system and its continuation. The culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom are two valuable and sublime fruits of the divine school and a complete practical and practical model for the development of all human beings, and any individual and society who has it, will never taste defeat and humiliation, and has made prosperity and victory its partner (Fahimi, 1387: 539).

It is necessary for societies to share and realize and expand these two valuable and spiritual categories, except through formal or informal education. It is not possible.