Investigating the impact of extracurricular activities on academic self-efficacy and academic performance of female middle school students

Number of pages: 93 File Format: word File Code: 29875
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Psychology
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  • Summary of Investigating the impact of extracurricular activities on academic self-efficacy and academic performance of female middle school students

    Master's Thesis in Psychology (M.A)

    Tension: Education

    Abstract:

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of extracurricular activities on academic self-efficacy and academic performance of middle school female students in Bandar Abbas city. This research is practical in terms of purpose and comparative causal in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research consists of all middle school students in the academic year 92-93, whose number has reached 4856 people. A random sample of 60 people was determined from the statistical population, which was selected as a cluster, and from among them, two schools that met the conditions of the study were divided into two groups of 30 people. Method: Data were collected through the eight-item subscale questionnaire of academic self-efficacy, MSLQ motivational and learning strategies questionnaire, and the GPA of the first semester of the academic year 92-93. Findings: The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics, including multivariate analysis of variance test. The findings showed that extracurricular activities have an effect on students' academic self-efficacy. But it had no significant effect on academic performance.  

    Conclusion: considering that extracurricular activities are important in various characteristics such as mental health, self-efficacy, reducing delinquency and corruption. But the lack of significant impact of these activities on academic performance in this research needs to be investigated more closely. Keywords: extracurricular activities, academic self-efficacy, academic performance, students 1 Introduction The teaching and learning process is a two-way process in which teaching is based on the teacher's initiative and creativity and learning is based on the concepts and goals of the lesson in a way that both sides of the process, the teacher and Students should participate in this activity. The activities that are used based on the innovation and initiative of the teachers along with the teaching and based on teaching the concepts and goals of the lesson and are carried out inside or outside the classroom are called complementary activities. If these activities are based on specific regional or climatic conditions or in the direction of training the special talents of the learners, they are called extracurricular activities. At the same time as the beginning of the academic year, the school council members set one-year goals according to the interests and needs of the students, and after setting the goal, a suitable method is followed to meet the mentioned needs. For this purpose, some activities and programs are expected to be implemented within a year under the supervision of all factors (Saif, 2016). Rather, the purpose of schools is to teach, that is, to create conditions for learning. Schools, especially elementary and middle school levels, are places where people's talents are discovered and manifested, and they are practiced and consolidated.  Administrators and teachers effectively play a role in the learning program and student satisfaction and continuous quality improvement activities. The work of teachers and artist trainers is to present concepts to learners with live and dynamic activities and by creating uplifting moments, not as a mechanical task, without stimulating the student's enthusiasm and without innovation and creativity. provide knowledge in a one-sided and direct manner (Hafzi, Sasiya and Shahni Yilaq, 2018).

    It seems that the implicit goal of extracurricular activities is to improve the academic performance of students. Among different variables, academic self-efficacy has a direct and strong relationship with academic performance. This field has recently become one of the important research fields (Bafroei, Saadipour, 2011). Self-efficacy refers to a person's imagined ability to achieve desirable results. People with high academic self-efficacy are more inclined to spend their energy analyzing and solving problems, while people with low self-efficacy are annoyed by evaluating their worries and concerns and look at their abilities and skills with doubt and expect failure before trying to solve the problem (Bandura, 2001). Considering that extracurricular activities have an impact on academic performance, and considering the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic performance, research in this field seems necessary..

     

    1-2 statement of the problem

        The current century is the era of knowledge and information, incredible developments, and progress and development in many dimensions of life. It is a world of changes and surprises. Every moment a door of knowledge is opened for a person. Today, schools cannot be limited only to the classical sciences and the writings of the past, and consider their transfer and learning among the goals of their education, but schools must equip the children and teenagers of their society with the information and skills of their time (Zinlipour, Zarei and Zandinia, 2018), extracurricular activities are a set of experiences, activities and opportunities that are designed and implemented inside or outside the classroom, with goals such as: fixing the shortcomings of the curriculum, enriching the program In order to deepen learning, pay attention to different talents, needs and interests of students, help develop their individual abilities and make it possible to transform the educational environment and turn it into a lively and dynamic environment. On the other hand, they prepare learners to play social roles and responsibilities properly and contribute to the continuous development of life's successes (Ahmadi, 2014).

    Elizabeth[1] defines extracurricular activities as opportunities to engage students and facilitate educational and non-educational activities that are carried out under the supervision and support of the school. Depending on the amount of school budget and their program and goals, these activities take place inside or outside the school (Elizabeth, 2006). Extra-curricular activities have been identified as ways to improve the education system, and these programs have an impact on various consequences, one of which is academic performance.

    A suitable academic performance is considered one of the most important educational goals in the world, and everyone is determined to identify the factors affecting academic progress and adjust and direct each of the factors affecting it in such a way that students achieve more growth and learning and include a large number of learners and the majority of people. to participate in the classroom and achieve higher success (Kivan Far, 2014). What factors have an effect on academic performance, or what is the contribution and participation of each factor, has always been in the fields of interest of educational researchers and even educational psychologists (Lovasani and Durrani, 2013).

    Azizi Kashkoi has stated the goals of extracurricular activities as follows: 1- Deepening the teaching and learning process in students 2- Completing and strengthening the content of curricula 3- Enriching the program Curriculum and free time of students 4- Development of learning resources from school to family and society 5- Facilitation in the process of social development of students 6- The flourishing of talents and its relation to the future of students (Zarati Idelou, 2008). Also, academic progress is one of the factors of acceptance in the classroom and can be one of the most objective and important criteria for evaluating and evaluating the efficiency of the educational system. Therefore, due to the academic progress of the learners, it is one of the most important criteria for evaluating academic performance (Mehrafrooz and Shahraraei, 2011).

    In addition, self-efficacy is another important dimension, which must grow in the learners due to the characteristics of the current era in the educational system. Self-efficacy refers to people's judgments about their abilities to perform a task or adapt to a particular situation. Self-efficacy can refer to people's belief about the ability to perform and correct the basic actions of a person's life. In similar cases, Yavar, Menezi, Del Court [2] (2001), consider self-efficacy as a confidence in the individual's abilities that affects the individual's performance, in addition, self-efficacy is considered as a strong predictor of job stabilization. Countless findings support this hypothesis that belief and faith in work can have special effects on self-efficacy skills (Chiu and Cheng [3], 2010).

    In line with the research objectives, studies have reported that academic efficacy beliefs affect academic progress (Gasil and Murphy [4], 2004; Maheed and Fouladcheng, 2011).

  • Contents & References of Investigating the impact of extracurricular activities on academic self-efficacy and academic performance of female middle school students

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    Table of Contents

    Title                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  page 1

    1-2 statement of the problem. 3

    1-3 The importance and necessity of research. 5

    1-4 research objectives. 7

    1-5 research questions. 7

    1-6 research hypotheses. 8

    1-7 scope of research. 8

    1-8 Definition of research words and terms. 8

    Summary of the first chapter. 10

    2-1- First part: Basic background of extracurricular activities. 13

    2-1-1. Extracurricular activities. 13

    2-1-1-1. Definition of extracurricular activities. 13

    2-1-1-2. The necessity and importance of extracurricular activities. 14

    2-1-1-3. Objectives of extracurricular activities. 15

    2-1-1-4. Curriculum elements. 16

    2-1-1-5. Objectives in the curriculum. 16

    2-1-1-6. Extracurricular curriculum. 17

    2-1-1-7.  Theories related to extracurricular activities. 18

    2-2. Second part: Background of the basics of academic self-efficacy. 19

    2-2-1- Self-efficacy. 19

    2-2-2- The history of self-efficacy. 20

    2-2-3- Academic self-efficacy. 21

    2-2-3- Dimensions of self-efficacy. 22

    2-2-3- Stages of self-efficacy in the scope of life. 23

    2-2-3. Self-efficacy resources. 24

    2-2-3-1. Successful experiences. 24

    2-2-3-2. Substitute experiences. 25

    2-2-3-3. Verbal persuasion. 25

    2-2-3-4. Physiological arousal. 26

    2-3. The third part: the background of the basics of academic performance. 26

    2-3-1. performance 26

    2-3-2. History of performance appraisal. 26

    2-3-3. Academic performance. 27

    2-3-3. Theories of academic performance. 28

    2-3-3-1. Teacher Expectation Theory. 28

    2-3-3-2. Motivational patterns. 29

    2-3-3-3. Cognitive learning model. 32

    2-3-3-4. Social learning theory. 32

    2-3-4. Factors affecting academic performance. 33

    2-3-4. The relationship between academic performance and academic self-efficacy. 36

    2-3-5. The relationship between extracurricular activities and students' academic performance. 36

    2-3. The third part: the research done in connection with the research. 37

    2-3-1. Internal research: 37

    2-3-2. External research: 41

    Summary: 43

    3-1. Introduction. 45

    3-2. Research method. 46

    3-3.  How to conduct research. 46

    3-4. Research process. 47

    3-5. Statistical population, sampling method and sample size. 48

    3-6. Data collection tool 48

    A. Personal information questionnaire. 48

    B. Academic self-efficacy scale. 49

    c. Academic performance measurement scale. 49

    3-7. Data analysis methods and tools: 49

    Summary. 50

    4-1. Description of demographic indicators (examination of demographic characteristics of groups) 52

    4-1-1. Educational status of students' parents. 52

    4-1-2. The job status of students' parents. 54

    4-2. Descriptive status of indicators 55

    4-3- Examining the presuppositions of using the multivariate variance test. 57

    4-4- Examining research assumptions. 59

    5-1- Introduction. 66

    5-2. conclusion 66

    5-3- Discussion: 68

    5-4. Suggestions. 69

    5-5. Research limitations. 71

    Resources. 72

     

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Investigating the impact of extracurricular activities on academic self-efficacy and academic performance of female middle school students