Investigating the effectiveness of teaching emotional intelligence components on parenting stress of mothers with children with physical-motor disabilities in Zanjan city, Sal

Dissertation for Master's degree

Abstract: The present research has investigated the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on parenting stress of mothers of children with physical-motor disabilities in Zanjan city. For this purpose, in addition to the research question of "determining the effect of training emotional intelligence components on reducing parenting stress of mothers of children with physical-motor disabilities in Zanjan city", three other sub-questions In order to determine the effect of teaching emotional intelligence components on reducing child stress, reducing stress in parenting and reducing stress in the life of mothers of physical-motor children, the research method was semi-experimental and in the form of a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups, in which mothers of physical-motor children were given emotional intelligence training in twelve sessions. has been Among the mothers, 30 people who had high stress scores and at least secondary education were selected by simple random assignment into two experimental and control groups. The measurement tool for measuring the stress of mothers' parenting was the Parental Stress Index (PSI [1]), which had a reliability coefficient of 0.81. After collecting the data, the independent T test method was also used for statistical analysis.

The results of the research showed:

- After examining the pre-test scores of parenting stress, a significant difference was observed between the post-test averages of parenting stress of the two control and experimental groups from the mothers of physically-motor children (P=5%).

- After examining the pre-test scores of child, parenting, and life stress, a significant difference was observed between the post-test averages of the child, parenting, and life domains of the two control and experimental groups of mothers of physically-motor children (P=5%).

Therefore, considering the ability of emotional intelligence as an effective factor in reducing the stress of parenting mothers of physical-motor children, this intervention should be given attention and emphasis by counselors and therapists.

Keywords:

parenting stress, emotional intelligence training, physical-motor disability, mothers

[1] Parent Stress Index

1 Introduction:

In the international classification of performance and health[1], disability has been proposed as an umbrella term for injuries, functional and participation limitations. Therefore, the definition of non-disability and disability is explained based on a biological, psychological and social model; Because disability is the result of a disorder or disability that reduces or prevents the performance of one or more natural roles that are based on age, sex, and other social and cultural factors. The disabled are the largest non-racial minority in the world, with 10% of the world's population (about 650 million people) living with at least one type of disability (Lucas-Carrasco et al., 2011). The impact that disability has on a person's social-psychological status is undeniable; Because disability, apart from the limitations or problems it creates in terms of action in the disabled person, may have had psychological effects on the disabled person's personality (Galaxy et al., 2011 [3]). The results of numerous studies suggest that disabled people face various and numerous problems and injuries in interpersonal relationships, educational-occupational environments, and emotional-behavioral domains (Teki Narselen and Sotio-Gola [4] 2007). Disabled students are less satisfied with their normal lives and school-related activities, have less positive feelings about life and social interactions, and show less sense of belonging than their healthy peers (Watson and Keith 2002)[5].

Among people with various disabilities, disabled people with physical-motor disabilities suffer from certain limitations. Physical disabilities are part of a wide range of disabilities and are referred to a group of disabilities. which makes a person unable to use his body or a part of it effectively for at least 6 months (Bron, Turner, [6] 2010). For many of them, the ability to do things related to daily life is considered a miracle, for example, learning to walk, may lead to a celebration.  This disability may affect a person's ease of movement, coordination and balance, ability to communicate, learn and adapt (Halan and Kaufman, translation of Javadian, 1372).

In addition to him, the disability of a person also affects other members of his family because disability is a phenomenon.

In addition to him, a person's disability also affects other members of his family because disability is a family systemic phenomenon. Therefore, the presence of a disabled member inevitably changes the entire family unit and affects all family members, many levels are also affected by this phenomenon, including: levels of family relationships, financial, social, recreational, family functioning, the needs of the caregiver and siblings (Gay Yard and colleagues, 2012 [7]. Although all family members are affected by disability, the child's disability undoubtedly creates special challenges for mothers; The role of caring for mothers is considered fundamental, and since ancient times they have been responsible for meeting the needs of others, including men, children, and the elderly. As a result, it is likely that the initial pressure of mothers who shoulder a disabled child in addition to other responsibilities inside and outside the home is greater, which makes them more vulnerable (Pilosa, 2006 [8]) and causes them stress (Hong, Wu, Chaing, Wu and Wen Yen [9], 2010). Such stress can be experienced in several areas of life that are related to parenting (Essex, Klein, Chu and Colin [10], 2002). Therefore, these mothers who blame themselves since the birth of a disabled child and feel that their child's disability is due to their lack of work and incompetence since their pregnancy, face a lot of parenting stress, and since they spend most of their time with these children, this parenting stress is long-term. They can be destructive for their physical and mental health (Pilosa, 2006).

One of the important factors that can be effective in controlling stress. A person's emotional intelligence is high. In other words, if a person benefits from high emotional intelligence, he can better adapt to the challenges of his personal and social life and manage his emotions effectively and, as a result, provide the basis for increasing his physical and mental health (Alam Al-Hadaei, 2015). The higher the emotional intelligence of a person, the more aware he is of the role and influence of emotions on his actions and behaviors and tries to find the best emotion in accordance with Create a situation in yourself to do the best kind of thinking and problem solving. A person who has high emotional intelligence knows how to correct the negative impact of emotions on his thinking (Fatemi, 2015). From Baran's point of view, to be emotionally and emotionally intelligent means to understand and express oneself effectively, to understand others well and communicate with them, and to successfully handle daily responsibilities, challenges and pressures. This intelligence is primarily based on the individual's intrapersonal capabilities, such that he is aware of himself, knows his strengths and weaknesses, and expresses his feelings and thoughts without destroying others. At the interpersonal level, to Being emotionally and emotionally intelligent means having the ability to be aware of the emotions and needs of others, to create and maintain cooperation with others, and to have satisfactory two-way relationships with others. Finally, being emotionally and emotionally intelligent can be defined as a person effectively managing personal, social and environmental changes using flexible and reality-based coping methods, solving problems and making decisions. For this purpose, a person needs to manage emotions in order to It is in the person's interest to act, not against him, and he needs to be optimistic, positive and self-fulfilling enough (Dieter-Dickard, [11] 2008). Researches also show that there is a positive correlation between general health and emotional intelligence and its components (Kakavand, 2011; Sharifi Dar Amadi, 2016). Therefore, in line with the need for appropriate interventions to improve the mental state of the mothers of these children and reduce their parenting stress, in this study, the effect of emotional intelligence training on increasing the emotional intelligence and reducing the parenting stress of mothers with children with physical-motor disabilities is tested in order to take a step towards solving the psychological problems of the mothers of these children with the help of this training.

1-2 Statement of the problem:

Different events happen in people's lives, which have many effects on the person and the dimensions of his life. How people deal with these changes in their lives and adapt to them is very important.