The effect of body shape on the quality of life (case study of Sari city)

Dissertation

To receive a Master's degree

Department of Geography and Urban Planning

Department of Geography

Abstract

Cities are complex and dynamic systems that undergo physical, social, and economic changes over time. have been In order to achieve urban development, achieving social well-being and improving the quality of life is one of the inalienable rights of every individual and society; therefore, reducing the gap between what is and what should be is one of the important goals of urban planners.

Regarding the topic of the research, i.e. the effect of the physical form of the city on the quality of life of the studied sample of Shahrsari, it should be mentioned that the main goal of the current research is to clearly measure the effect of two paradigms and patterns of urban development, i.e., the compact and dispersed form, on the quality of life of the citizens. It is physical, transportation, environmental, social, economic and lifestyle. For this purpose, in order to understand the development pattern in the research samples, the distribution of net residential density, net and gross urban density, land use mix, size and number of households were used. Also, in order to evaluate the quality of life in the neighborhoods of Shahrsari, a questionnaire of 60 questions was produced and distributed among 385 households (based on the Cochran model) in six separate neighborhoods. Shahrsari, we have done the statistical analysis of the collected questionnaires with the help of Spss software. The results of the test using inferential statistical methods such as analysis of variance, independent t-tests, LSD post hoc test and Tukey's test show that dense and scattered polling in Shahrsari localities has no effect on reducing and increasing the quality of life of citizens.

Keyword: Urbanization, compact form, scattered form, quality of urban life, urbanization

Chapter 1

Research overview

Introduction

This chapter has a look at the main foundation of the research and explores the upcoming developments that are brought up in the passing of the mind. It is hoped that the research topics will be followed with a correct plan and will achieve appropriate results.

1-1- Statement of the problem

The city is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that has always undergone physical, social, economic and even political and cultural changes over time. Such vast developments are affected by the massive growth of the urban population, which is expected to grow by 60% by 2020, Stavel & Beck (2012:1-16). Its policies are also accompanied by a serious responsibility, because on the one hand, it must deal with the removal of disturbances and on the other hand, by rationally directing the constructions, prevent the emergence and emergence of its anomalies (Hamidi, 1376: A).

Therefore, the current urban policies have encouraged two types of development, each of which tries to change urban areas and population distribution in a different way and with different functions.  

- Living in the vicinity of cities is the basis of a type of urban expansion pattern, the result of which can be evaluated in relation to a type of construction form, which is called urban sprawl[1]. In fact, horizontal expansion, based on several factors such as: Population increase, immigration, transformation of the city's economic base and the possibility of land market, urban development plans, inefficient urban laws and programs, etc. is formed (Abbaszadegan, et al., 2017). In recent decades, the pattern of dispersion has caused adverse environmental, social and economic consequences and has become an important issue. 

- Compact urban development policy or inward looking strategy is another type of urban development that pays more attention to vertical growth instead of horizontal expansion and most attention is directed to more effective use of land that is covered by urban development. Supporters of the compact model believe that most of the future growth of the population and housing needs in the region will be met by filling the existing fabric of the city, increasing the balanced density, renovating and renovating the abandoned and dilapidated areas, and reviving and changing the use of existing old buildings. Basically, the urban development policy in the world is based on the concept of improving the productivity and optimizing the use of land and the possibility of intra-urban development (especially in large cities and metropolises) and improving the level of access of the residents of the old and worn-out urban fabric to urban and social services (Urban Development and Improvement Organization, 2014).

In recent years, the approach of urban development to the physical and functional dimensions of the city, regardless of the social and economic values ??and goals that follow from it, is the existential philosophy of cities. has faced serious doubts as a place to live. The approach to the quality of urban life has turned the necessity of fundamental revision of planning goals and methods and thinking of solutions to deal with this phenomenon into an urgent necessity.

New models of urban development have been formed in line with sustainable urban development and meeting human needs and cannot provide a completely standard standard for all cities with different cultural conditions and natural characteristics. However, it is possible to examine the extent to which citizens benefit from the quality of the urban environment in each of the models and search for the best paradigm of urban development based on the physical, environmental, economic, social and transportation dimensions from the citizens' perspective.

The area of ??the studied area, based on the comprehensive plan report of 1389, is estimated to be equal to 4208.6 hectares.

The population of the city in 1375 is equal to 195,882 people and according to the census of 1385 equal to 261,293 people became adults. According to the estimate of the population of Sari in 2009, it is equal to 293,212 people. The population growth rate of the city of Sari during the decade of 1375-1385 was about 2.9% (Mazand Plan Consultants, 1389).

In a general summary, in the last half century, the area of ??the city of Sari has increased 16 times and its population has increased 12 times. Due to the political-administrative centrality, this has put additional pressure on the body of this city.

Talviha Sari is one of the cities that has been greatly expanded in recent decades and at the same time has been severely affected by its unbalanced and disorderly growth, especially during the last 30 years; including the presence of hectares of abandoned and unused land located within the project area that were annexed to the city due to the increase in the scope of development projects, the destruction of agricultural lands and city gardens, the lack of proper infrastructure in different areas, the low net and gross densities that have caused wastage on urban land and the increase in the cost of creating infrastructure; All of this is in the opposite direction to the goals of sustainable development, and although it seems that efforts are being made to control the uneven and unplanned growth of the city, such as: revising the comprehensive and detailed plans, preventing unauthorized constructions, banning construction on agricultural lands and gardens, but due to the lack of continuity of these executive measures and the lack of written programs based on specific theoretical foundations, as well as the phenomenon of migration and the location of household settlements based on different factors, The construction regulations are inconsistent with the current conditions and as a result of the unplanned constructions in such lands and the land exchange, the problem of scattered growth of the city still remains strong and the resulting effects impose a heavy burden on the city from an economic, social and physical point of view. The continuation of this trend can gradually lead to the weakening of urban management and the inability to plan in providing optimal services to the residents and the increasing decrease in its ability to solve this problem, and finally the increasing decline in the quality of life and the reduction of sustainability in urban development. Therefore, the present thesis seeks to investigate the effective role of the urban form on the quality of life of citizens in Sari city. Due to the importance of the issue, unfortunately, it is less of the attention of researchers, officials and students. It is related to urban affairs. It is hoped that the findings of the research will be a springboard for providing ideas to service providers and urban development plans and increasing their performance in order to improve the quality of life of citizens. Is there a difference between the compact and scattered form in the physical dimension of the quality of urban life? 2- Is there a difference between the compact and scattered form in the transportation dimension of the quality of urban life? 3- Is there a difference between the compact and scattered form in the social dimension of the quality of urban life? 4- Is there a difference between the compact and scattered form in the surrounding quality of urban life?

6- Is there a difference between the compact and scattered form in the economic dimension of the quality of urban life?

1-3-Research background

A review of the research conducted in the field of evaluation and studies of the research topic, the history and background of the research is described in table (1-1) as follows.