Evaluating the state of sustainable urban transportation and providing the ideal model in middle cities, a case study of Neishabur city

Master's Thesis in Urban Planning, Urban Planning

Abstract

Urban transportation is one of the main sub-sectors of urban development and planning. Every day, citizens are in contact with pedestrian and bicycle networks and different types of transportation and use urban transportation to meet a range of needs for work, education, shopping, recreation, etc.; Therefore, transportation has become one of the most important parts of citizens' quality of life. Unfortunately, in recent years, due to the development based on car movement, many transportation issues and problems have arisen, and until the urban development plans based on car movement are prepared and implemented, it will not be possible to achieve sustainable transportation. In order to overcome such problems, it is necessary to evaluate the urban transportation from the perspective of sustainability in the first step and then propose solutions to improve the existing conditions. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the situation of sustainable intra-urban transportation in middle cities, in which the city of Neishabur was selected as an example, and the existing transportation system of this city was investigated using AHP[1] and SWOT[2] analytical techniques. Neyshabur is a single nucleus city and based on the studies it was found that the transportation of this city and the ways of traveling in it are far from sustainable transportation indicators. The goal of sustainable transportation has never been to eliminate any of the travel methods, but to provide facilities and infrastructure and encourage the use of more sustainable methods and minimize the use of unsustainable methods; And as a result, it is tried to provide the most appropriate combination of transportation methods. Based on the results of AHP, the most appropriate combination of transportation for Neishabur was as follows: 33.8% walking, 22% cycling, 14.5% bus and minibus, 12.5% ??taxi, 9.6% private car and finally 7.7% motorcycle. As a result, using the AHP method, walking is recognized as the best option, and its possibilities and limitations in the form of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were examined using the SWOT analysis method, and finally, suggestions were presented in the form of four strategies and prioritized using the QSPM technique [3]. Keywords: sustainable transportation [4], group hierarchy analysis method (AHP), SWOT matrix, pedestrian development [5], Neishabur[6]

Chapter One: Research Overview

1-1- Introduction

The planning process includes a continuous whole, a part of urban planning, urban transportation planning, which together with the planning of land use departments, infrastructures and other departments, forms the physical dimension of comprehensive urban planning. The existence of inadequacy in the process of urban planning and especially the urban transportation department, works and It has caused widespread harmful effects such as high energy consumption, delay in reaching the destination, air pollution, reduction of urban safety and increase of life risks, destruction of the traditional tissues and connections of the city, etc. In other words, this part of urban planning and management is directly related to the daily life of citizens, and weakness in this area imposes huge costs on the people and the urban management complex (at macro and micro levels). Therefore, it is necessary to study, investigate and analyze the field of urban transportation with a comprehensive and comprehensive view. The present research also seeks a detailed and analytical examination of the field of urban transportation in Neyshabur and the existing methods from the point of view of sustainable transportation. After stating the issue and explaining the necessity of the issue to give a framework to the entire research, the questions and the process that must be followed until the end are stated, and then the research method and methods of analysis and evaluation used are explained and at the end, the main concepts used are defined. It has been of special importance in a way that has always had a significant impact on the progress of human societies. According to the Athens charter, cities should have four vital functions, i.e. housing, work, recreation, and communication (urban transportation) in an efficient manner (Ostrovsky, 1371: 160). Therefore, the urban communication and transportation network, and in a word, urban transportation, has been and continues to be of great importance. Transportation is one of the most important elements of urban development, which is necessary for the movement of people and goods, and the achievement of productive productivity in urban areas can only be met by meeting transportation needs.Sustainable urban transport is actually the smooth movement of vehicles, people and goods, which requires the comfort of people and the sustainability of the environment with the most favorable cost and effort (Ahmadi and Moharmenjad, 2015: 3). Transportation, as one of the most central elements of controlling development, has a significant and special role in the field of sustainable development. Therefore, the term "sustainable transportation" has been created, which expresses the micro and macro policies of transportation so that together they can become the foundation of development based on the concept of sustainability (Tafzali et al., 2013: 2). A comprehensive and sustainable transportation system can reduce many problems such as air pollution, noise pollution, separation of habitats of wild species, traffic, etc. Today's societies need a sustainable transportation system to reduce these problems and create an effective and efficient transportation system (Ahmadi and Moharmenjad, 2015) and the city of Neishabur, which is located in a group of medium cities, is not an exception to this rule, because from 2013 onwards, the number of personal vehicles and the amount of use of It has been added in this city and as a result the problems of using this type of transportation such as traffic, noise pollution, lack of vehicle parking, etc. can be seen in it.

As can be seen in the current situation of the city of Neyshabur, despite the fact that the distances and lengths of different journeys in this city are not very large (the total area of ??the city of Neyshabur in 2015 was about 3760 hectares and since this city is a single-centered city - although it is a secondary center in the area Newly built towns in the northern belt are also being formed - as a result, the total distance traveled in such a city is not large (and the bus and taxi system) (public and semi-public transportation) has provided access to different parts of the city, however, according to city officials, more than 60% of trips to Neishabor are made by private vehicles, which contradicts the principles and standards of sustainable transportation. 1-3- Necessity and Importance Topic

Transportation systems play a major role in the economic life of countries as well as the daily life of citizens. The topic of transportation and traffic, which today as a political-social phenomenon plays a very sensitive and important role in the quality and economic-social structure of a society, forms the basis of modern urban life and the needs of human movement (Ahmadi and Mohramnejad, 2015: 2). Therefore, every move should be the most efficient in terms of cost and profit, as well as in terms of compatibility with the environment (Nakhei et al., 2010: 2). However, with a little carelessness and neglect, the condition of current and future generations may be endangered, so it is inevitable to move towards the use of sustainable transportation systems in order to reduce some of these problems (Ahmadi and Moharmenjad, 2015: 2). Therefore, a sustainable urban development with an emphasis on preserving the environment, preserving natural resources, reducing pollution, decentralization, using alternative energy in transportation, recycling waste, increasing sustainable employment, etc., which has led to the emergence of new models of urban development such as healthy city, ecological city, compact city, etc., shows the necessity of evaluating, analyzing and investigating the structure of efficient and sustainable transportation (Mozaffaripour and Hatami, 2010: 2). Transportation systems in Neishabor, based on the studies conducted by the Consulting Engineers Company in the comprehensive studies of transportation in Neishabor in 1390 and 1391, show that in the existing composition, the share of private transportation (transportation by private car and motorcycle) is very high, more than 60%, compared to the share of sustainable methods and types such as walking and cycling is very small. In fact, the main traffic problem in Neishabur city is the high use of private vehicles as well as the traffic density in the central part of the city (which is an old and somewhat problematic texture of the city with many narrow alleys in the commercial center of the city) Also, considering the large capacity and potential that exists in this city, the share of the public transportation system should also be increased. Research in this field is doubled.