Studying the effect of the construction of high-rise buildings on urban uses (case study of Qaimshahr city)

Thesis to obtain a Masters Degree

Geography and Urban Planning Group

Abstract

One of the phenomena that today's cities, especially large cities, is high -rise. has made the construction of high-rise buildings as a solution to the land problem necessary.

Therefore, considering the challenges raised, this research aims to provide a better understanding of the policy of high-rise construction in the field of urban spaces in the country, by examining the roots, goals and dimensions of the high-rise construction process in developed countries, to provide a suitable analytical framework to examine the current measures in the country in order to analyze the positive and negative effects of high-rise construction at the world and national level.

Finally, the effect of high-rise construction on the urban uses of Qaim Shahr as one of the densest urban areas in the north of the country has been reviewed in three categories (residential use, roads and services) and suitable solutions have been presented to organize and reduce the consequences of this phenomenon. Kolmogorov-Smirnov has been used.

The results of the research show that high-rise development in Ghaemshahr has reduced the per capita open space of residential units, reduced the provision of comfort necessary for living, reduced green space per capita, better access to urban facilities and services, and increased the volume of traffic. Therefore, the preparation of high-rise building criteria, recognition of the economic and social characteristics of the residents, more monitoring by legal authorities in the control of constructions, and increasing the mutual confidence factor and considering the impact of land use planning and transportation And urban transfer is one of the proposals in the document process of urban plans.

Key words: high-rise buildings, land use, residential use, urban services, road use

Introduction

More than a century has passed since the emergence of multi-storey residential and commercial buildings (including towers, high-rises and skyscrapers). In the beginning, such structures were known as a sign of the technological and technical progress of societies. The introduction of new and advanced methods of design and architecture, the use of new and advanced building materials, the emergence of new installation technologies such as central ventilation systems, fire extinguishing, waste disposal, water pumping to the upper floors, elevators, and even the introduction and presentation of new models of urban life in accordance with this new architecture, were among the things that without the preparation of each, high-rise construction could not be considered as an important part of the construction industry. It was for this reason that the first high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, in advanced industrial societies - especially the United States of America - stood tall and proudly raised their heads towards the sky.

Over time, however, especially after the end of the Second World War, the construction of high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, apart from showing off the strength and technical capabilities of countries, also found another important reason: the rapid growth of the population and the lack of land to build enough residential units. As countries such as Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore, quickly and after the big industrial countries, especially the United States of America, started to step in this way. But the construction of these tall buildings was not limited to this group of countries. Gradually, most of the countries in the world, in an expanding process, put high-rise construction on the agenda as one of the symbols of their industrial and technical progress; In addition, population growth was no longer a problem of only a few small and densely populated countries, but had become a global issue (ww.melk118.net).

Meanwhile, Iran was not an exception to this rule and has been slowly entering this valley since several decades ago. This approach, although it started in the years before the revolution, mainly with the aim of moving towards modernization, but gradually, especially in recent years, a solution to meet the need The increasing number of young people in the country became housing.The lack of land and especially the irrational growth of its price across the country on the one hand, and the increase in demand for housing in some specific areas of the country (especially Tehran and other big cities), justified the rapid move towards high-rise construction and the creation of large apartment complexes with many floors and units. The presentation of some concessions by government bodies and banks also directed the flood of funds towards investment in the field of massification. In this regard, the present research is a research in the field of perceptual-environmental analysis of the impact of high-rise construction on the urban use of Qaimshahrek. is In the second chapter, the concepts, theories and techniques used in the research are discussed. In the third chapter, the natural, social, economic, and physical features of Qaimshahr city and the introduction of the study area are mentioned. In the fourth chapter, the analysis of the high-ranking problem is also discussed. In the fifth chapter, conclusions, hypothesis testing and suggestions are also discussed.

1-1- Statement of the problem

The strategy of high-rise construction and spatial development at height as a product of population growth and also the lack of suitable land for construction has been popular in recent decades in the cities of the world, especially big cities. Apartment living can be considered as one of the most important developments in the process of human settlement in cities, which has become a form of urban housing in the contemporary era. Because, on the one hand, the tendency towards density and concentration of economic units had greatly increased the demand for land in the city center, and on the other hand, the supply of land in this area of ??the city was limited. As a result, the increase in building density was presented as a solution to increase the level of infrastructure in use (Golabachi, 1380: 53).

The widespread use of this method gradually spread to residential uses in addition to economic uses such as industrial, administrative and commercial uses and spread to the surrounding areas of the city. Congestion and density, increased environmental pollution, reduced access of citizens to open air and sunlight, and increased urban disturbances (Monaam-Zarabian, 1386: 102).

The phenomenon of high-rise construction, although throughout its life, has always been criticized by various thinkers on social, economic and urban planning issues, and users have been looked at with doubt and doubt, but due to necessity, it has not always been able to prove its permanent presence in its field of activity. He should add. High-rise construction is a phenomenon in the world that has been registered since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and the first steps in the production of skyscrapers were taken in Chicago from around 1880 to 1900. But in our country, the beginning of the movement towards high-rise construction can be dated to the year 1328 AH.

Before 1328, the tallest buildings in Iran and Tehran were The capacity of the officers' club building was known to consist of 4 floors (Farhoudi and Salehi, 1380: 72).

With the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution, the construction of high-rise buildings began due to the increase in land prices and the increase in density. In the last years of the 1960s, a new wave of high-rise construction began due to the increase in land prices and the increase in density, and it gradually covered all the cities of Iran (Shakri and Samadi Waqfi, 2010).

Due to the problems that arose in the implementation of these programs, the Mehr housing plan was implemented by the government in 1987 based on the three principles of allocating land at zero cost, granting construction facilities, converting the ownership intermediary into a management in line with the policy of increasing production and The supply of housing was designed and its executive operations seriously entered the implementation and construction phase from 1989.

Given that in recent years, the construction of high-rise buildings has increased in Qaimshahr city, causing problems such as increasing human and construction density, decreasing services per capita (green space, games, education, etc.), increasing traffic volume, excessive pressure on various networks of the city such as water, electricity, gas, and lack of urban sewage in some places. and has been