Solutions to increase the efficiency of the high-speed bus system in the public transportation system of Tabriz city with urban planning approaches.

Chapter One

Research Overview

Introduction:

With the development of cities and the increase in the demand for intra-city travel, the need to move people and goods has increased more and more in recent years. Meanwhile, transportation experts and urban planners have found the only way to manage transportation and traffic in cities is to increase the share of mass and public transportation and develop the management of urban transportation systems. Because with the development and increase of its efficiency and desirability by increasing the share of public transportation systems from the demand of urban trips, the need to use personal vehicles will decrease and this can have a very favorable effect on transportation and improving traffic, the amount of fuel consumption and pollutants.

In such cities, the fast bus system is proposed as an effective and attractive solution to compete with private vehicles, so that access to the city centers, residential areas, and suburbs is possible for all people living in cities. to be The service program, movement routes and intelligent transportation systems in a combined system form a powerful set for convenient passenger movement. The components of the high-speed bus system can be adapted to the type of operation and the environment in which this system is used, and this system can be implemented in different areas in a suitable manner. A low investment in infrastructure, equipment, functional development and technology can provide a platform for the creation of a high-speed bus system so that the performance of the bus system reaches the desired quality.

In Iran, the first intra-city transfer took place in Tabriz with the name Qonqa (it was known as a horse-drawn carriage to transport passengers from the city to Vaghzal (railway station), which was built outside the city and on the west side). It dates back to the period of the First World War.

With the increase in the population and the problems of moving them in the city, the city officials in Iran, with the aim of overcoming the traffic problem and the quick and safe movement of passengers from the origin to the destination, launched the BRT special line modeled after the South American high-speed bus system in Tehran in 1386, and then in 1387 in the city of Tabriz, in the high-traffic area of ??the BRT route between the Railway Square and the Basij Square (west to east).

1-2- Statement of the problem:

The increase in population, migration from villages, the development of cities and the increasing number of vehicles have caused the emergence of a very important topic called urban transportation and traffic, and according to the complexities of this topic, the need to create a comprehensive and integrated management of transportation and traffic has become inevitable. The main goal of traffic management is to use methods and measures for optimal and maximum use of existing facilities and facilities, improving road conditions and increasing safety without harming the environment. In this regard, in the metropolises of the world, especially in the third world, these problems are intertwined with people's lives and are an inseparable part of urban life, which of course has side effects such as the deprivation of comfort promised in urban planning, the wastage of national resources, the creation of various types of pollution, which ultimately destroys the root of sustainable urban development, and the continuation of this process depicts a dark future in the minds of urban workers, who feel the need for a systematic and effective managerial vision at the macro and local level.

The rapid growth of traffic in the metropolises of the country is one of the issues that affect various economic and social aspects, urban development, environment and so on. has placed under its shadow. One of the actions carried out in a number of countries of the world is to benefit from the fast bus transportation system known as B. R. T (fast bus system). This system refers to high-speed urban flexible transportation systems that use multiple physical and operational components in an integrated manner and in a special format for the transportation of inner-city passengers by bus. One of the important questions in the present research is that it seems that the costs of the passengers of the BART are more economical. Passengers' satisfaction with the services provided by BRT buses is at an optimal level, and the commuting time of BRT passengers is lower than other vehicles.  Although we know that now with the expansion of subway and BRT lines and the increase of the taxi fleet, this situation has improved compared to recent years and people can, for example, quickly and at low cost by using BRT lines..  Although we know that now with the expansion of metro and BRT lines and the increase of the taxi fleet, this situation has improved compared to recent years, and people can, for example, travel quickly and cheaply using BRT lines from east to west of Tabriz. However, scientific investigation of this issue seems necessary.

With the increasing demand for urban travel, one of the main solutions for managing transportation and traffic in cities is to increase the share of public transportation in urban travel; In addition to reducing the demand for the use of personal vehicles, other indicators such as travel time, traffic volume, fuel consumption and air pollution will undergo favorable changes. During the past decades, various systems have been designed and used to increase the utility of using public vehicles. The rapid bus transportation system or high-speed bus system is one of these systems that has low cost, high access level and acceptable speed, and according to its characteristics, it is expanding in developed and developing countries. Considering the increasing importance of using this bus system, it is necessary to examine the question whether it is normal to provide reliable services in the high-speed bus system with good quality and relatively low cost in the metropolis of Tabriz?

In all eras, transportation has always allocated a major share of resources. The quality and capacity of the transportation system has a great impact on the economy of a region. Transportation is an essential factor in the economic progress of a country, and the development and improvement of transportation also requires spending high costs. Transportation networks in big and developed cities make up a high percentage of the urban area. And finally, we are looking for the basic question of whether the high-speed bus system is a suitable system in terms of functionality? High traffic congestions and struggling with parking issues, just because they use the flexibility of private cars in terms of travel time and destination selection, in recent years, these choices have caused large volumes of traffic and congestion in many urban areas. Despite this density, the increasing trend of traffic growth has continued. The expected effects of supply and demand (ie, the limited infrastructure of congested roads to compensate for the growth of private vehicle use) have simply been considered as a fundamental factor in urban traffic congestion, and it has emerged that people are willing to tolerate large amounts of traffic congestion just for the sake of using a private car.

Reputable global reports show that in large cities, the number of trips made by public transportation decreases annually by about 0.3 to 1.2 percent. Experience shows that the high-speed bus system as a competitor to private vehicles can regain the lost position of public transportation systems.

In many countries, the high-speed bus system provides similar services at a lower cost than the light train. Also, the flexibility of the high-speed bus system is of particular importance for societies that are constantly expanding and growing. Because in these communities, public transportation is facing very complex problems to meet the needs of the society. (Taqvai, Massoud and Vafaei, Abuzar; 1387: 167)

Therefore, it seems necessary to address the solutions to increase the efficiency of the high-speed bus system in the transport system of Tabriz metropolis.

1-4- Research objectives:

Basically, every research requires specific goals and determinants without which it is not possible to conduct research. does not have (Urban Planning Studies Center 1380)

1-4-1- General purpose:

The general purpose of this research is to increase the efficiency of the high-speed bus system in the public transportation system of Tabriz city with urban planning approaches.

1-4-2- Partial goals:

In line with the general goal of the research, the following partial goals The opinion is:

- Determining the relationship between the costs of BRT passengers and their savings

- Determining the relationship between the services provided by BRT buses and passenger satisfaction

- Investigating the length of time BRT passengers travel to and fro compared to other vehicles

- Investigating the high-speed bus system and their suitability in terms of functionality.