The creation of artificial islands on the coasts of countries and its impact on the legal system of international waters with an emphasis on the Persian Gulf region

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field: Political Geography (M.A)

Abstract:

Political geography is one of the broad topics of science and is created from a politically organized unit in a specific geographical area that includes government governance and a specific space. These organized units can include from the primary political core, a limited society to international organizations consisting of several countries.

At the top of these political units is the government with a specific government in a specific spatial area and geographic dimensions that are defined by political boundaries. This factor indicates the separation of a political unit from other units. Border lines, while determining the boundaries of a country, are also the scope of its governing body's operations. Any incident in the international borders, especially the maritime borders of the countries that have a maritime area. It is not possible without the agreement of the parties to the sea.

Now, considering the events of the existence of emerging powers in the future, the growth of industry and the global economy, regional changes and the distribution of heterogeneity of the environment and space of natural geography, the effective role of the sea in the power and the international community of development, the lack of enforcement of maritime laws and regulations and looking at the geopolitical situation of the Persian Gulf in terms of political geography and global powers, which like a beautiful pearl, Iran has adorned the earth since ancient times. And apart from this manifestation, the history of the brave men of this land is considered a part of our country's birth certificate.

The construction of artificial islands on the coasts of countries overlooking the sea, especially by Arab countries neighboring the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Persian Gulf, most of whose islands belong to Iran. What effect can it have on the neighboring countries in terms of security and marine resources - marine ecosystem, environment, sustainable coastal development.

Today, the desire of humans to build artificial islands and a kind of drying of the sea provides the possibility of using it as much as possible in line with human goals.

The Persian Gulf is known as the blue cradle of Iran and the beating heart of the Middle East and has a unique ecosystem among the water basins of the world.  Now, what are the effective solutions to deal with the effects and consequences of the construction of such islands, which can even mobilize the opinions of the international community in this field, so that after numerous expert meetings with the presence of experts in this field, new laws and regulations are established, taking into account the previous provisions of the conventions on maritime rights and sustainable coastal development. Meanwhile, researchers and experts in this field should provide effective solutions and regulations regarding the creation of these islands, which are subject to the consensus of the international community and in which rights and The countries that have a sea area should be respected and all of them are required to act.

Key words: artificial islands, Persian Gulf, political geography, geopolitics, sea, border, environment. They look at how politics affects spatial order and how politics is influenced by spatial order. In the first steps, political geography has analyzed the state as a political unit. Political geography is not only smaller areas such as local areas, but also includes larger areas such as national, transnational, regional and global. According to the characteristics of the international community and its difference from domestic societies, the global community is made up of independent countries that have various political, economic and cultural relations with each other and live together. And each country has different interests and specific goals regarding its security. And there is no binding international center or authority that enforces the laws of international regulations.

In the environment of the political geography of the world, the whole country is in order to preserve the life of interests and national security and to preserve the territorial integrity according to the political borders that separate one political unit from another. They are trying to provide benefits and provide social welfare and peace and other facilities for their nation. The use of political geography in various fields has made the minds of ordinary people, intellectuals, students, professors, especially geographers, align in the study of events of this kind.

According to the natural and climatic conditions and the imbalance of distribution of the geographical environment and the hidden aspects of environmental assumptions and determining social forces outside the scope of the political sphere of governments, no one knows what events are about to happen in the future and what the future fate of the countries will be. (For example, the recent developments in the Middle East)

The attitude towards different geographical regions depends on the conditions of the countries in the world, such as historical background, civil political liberties, the importance of the region and the priorities of cultural, political, social forces, minor and religious minority parties, religious institutions, public opinion and history of presence in international forums.

Nowadays, what is considered in political geography is studied and analyzed. The location of the geographical environment is its vital role in cultural, economic, political, security and military equations and its impact on global security.  The sensitive and vital region of the Persian Gulf, which, due to its strategic and geopolitical location, has long coasts and the existence of one of the important international straits called Hormuz, the scope of its effects has exceeded the regional level and has affected the powers of the international community in different ages.

The absence of the principle of equality of countries in international relations and the lack of balance of power and competition between maintaining borders as a political unit, even if the country lacks any natural unity. In terms of maintaining independence, national interests and goals are an obvious thing for the population based in its territory. A country has a place in political geography studies. And it is formed by the connection of the three principles of land, nation and government. Therefore, all issues with these concepts and using resources, natural location, and space should be examined and analyzed by academic elite professors and managers with technical experience. And by presenting useful and effective points of view and solutions, it is possible to compete with the international community.

With this specific and targeted attention and measures, along with constructive interaction in international relations, especially with neighboring countries, in fact, a kind of convergence can be achieved to preserve the territorial position, security and peace of society, and the necessity of human life, from the individual to the family, tribe, neighborhood, city, society, and above all, the desired national goals can be achieved. At the same time, the role of humans in how to use the emphasized geographical factors and all the effective factors in the environmental space should be looked at as a whole. so that the impact of these two on the power and politics of the country can be investigated. Chapter 1: General research 1-1 Statement of the problem: The science of political geography is one of the topics of science that arises from a political unit organized in a specific geographic territory that includes the government's sovereignty and a specific space. At the head of this political unit is the government with a specific government in a spatial area defined by specific political boundaries, which represents a political unit consisting of other units. From the past until now, the importance of the maritime territory has been used as a means of communication due to its use in the field of fishing shipping. In addition to the importance of the seas because of the indescribable wealth, the existence of huge resources of oil, gas, minerals, fishing, with its increasing growth, is a vital and important resource for human societies.

The wealth hidden in the bed and under the bed of the seas are non-living resources and the heterogeneous distribution of the geographical environment in terms of land and sea, and the factors involved in it such as geographical, economic, military and strategic reasons, the existence of established borders, borders that are not naturally separated from each other and are linear It is hypothetical. Undoubtedly, the interests of countries are different at different levels of special marine activities. Economic growth, technological advancement, communication and technical power, political factors have caused some countries that have coasts and sea borders to be ahead of others in terms of exploiting the resources and benefits of the sea. Iran's geopolitical position and having a crossing position that has been the crossroads of civilizations since ancient times and has been the focus of great powers both in terms of political geography and military power.

Regarding the border and its location, borders have always been among the main parameters in political geography. Protecting the borders and preserving the independence and territorial integrity according to the contractual and defined borders between the countries and accepted by the international community is one of the most basic duties of the governments in the present era.